ETHICS STUDY GUIDE Chapter 13 Breaking Bad

Question 1

Cognitive dissonance is BEST described as:

A. A conflict between law and policy
B. Stress caused by acting irrationally
C. A disagreement with authority
D. Emotional intelligence failure

Answer 1

B.
Stress caused by acting irrationally

Question 2

Moral dissonance occurs when an individual:

A. Violates department policy
B. Acts inconsistently with their self-image and values
C. Faces discipline
D. Breaks the law

Answer 2

B.
Acts inconsistently with their self-image and values

Question 3

What is Cognitive Dissonance?

Answer 3

Is an internal stress that presents itself when we act irrationally.

Question 4

What is Moral Dissonance?

Answer 4

An Internal stress that presents itself when we act in a way that is inconsistent with our self-image.

Question 5

What is Moral Dissengagement?

Answer 5

The act of avoiding more dissonance by reshaping attitudes or rationalizing behavior so it remains consistent with values.

Question 6

What is Moral Apathy?

Answer 6

Moral Apathy A number of factors can tip the scale of moral reasoning. Our values are initially learned by observation

Question 7

Moral disengagement is the process by which individuals:

A. Improve ethical awareness
B. Avoid further dissonance by rationalizing behavior
C. Strengthen moral identity
D. Seek accountability

Answer 7

B.
Avoid further dissonance by rationalizing behavior

Question 8

Unethical behavior is often self-reinforcing because it:

A. Is immediately punished
B. Leads to rational decision making
C. Increases likelihood of future unethical acts
D. Improves outcomes

Answer 8

C.
Increases likelihood of future unethical acts

Question 9

Moral apathy refers to a condition in which individuals:

A. Act decisively
B. Ignore ethical considerations
C. Enforce policy strictly
D. Seek consensus

Answer 9

B.
Ignore ethical considerations

Question 10

Values are initially learned MOST often through:

A. Policy manuals
B. Formal education
C. Observation
D. Discipline

Answer 10

C.
Observation

Question 11

Environmental conditions contribute to unethical behavior by influencing:

A. Authority
B. Perspective and expectations
C. Law enforcement
D. Discipline outcomes

Answer 11

B.
Perspective and expectations

Question 12

Cognitive disengagement is BEST defined as:

A. Emotional exhaustion
B. Suspension of rational understanding through self-deception
C. Loss of empathy
D. Policy confusion

Answer 12

B.
Suspension of rational understanding through self-deception

Question 13

Framing ethical decisions incorrectly MOST often results in:

A. Improved efficiency and positive feedback
B. Separation of outcomes from process
C. Ethical clarity and reasoning
D. Accountability and integrity

Answer 13

B.
Separation of outcomes from process

Question 14

Ignoring inconvenient facts is an example of:

A. Moral courage
B. Cognitive disengagement
C. Ethical intelligence
D. Accountability

Answer 14

B.
Cognitive disengagement

Question 15

Normalizing unethical behavior MOST often occurs when individuals:

A. Act alone
B. Believe group consensus changes moral standards
C. Follow policy
D. Fear discipline

Answer 15

B.
Believe group consensus changes moral standards

Question 16

Minimization of consequences is unethical because it:

A. Ignores policy
B. Downplays harm caused to others
C. Violates discipline procedures
D. Encourages transparency

Answer 16

B.
Downplays harm caused to others

Question 17

Dehumanizing the victim allows unethical behavior by:

A. Increasing empathy
B. Reducing accountability
C. Removing consideration of others’ humanity
D. Improving justification

Answer 17

C.
Removing consideration of other’s humanity

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a common method of moral disengagement?

A. Rationalizing extraordinary circumstances
B. Accepting responsibility
C. Downplaying the scope of harm
D. Creating false moral justification

Answer 18

B.
Accepting responsibility

Question 19

“Everyone else is doing it” is an example of:

A. Ethical leadership
B. Normalization
C. Virtue ethics
D. Accountability

Answer 19

B.
Normalization

Question 20

Avoiding moral disengagement requires individuals to:

A. Follow rules strictly
B. Delegate responsibility
C. Accept responsibility for their actions
D. Avoid emotional responses

Answer 20

C.
Accept responsibility for their actions

Question 20

Moral disengagement often begins with:

A. Discipline
B. Cognitive disengagement
C. Transparency
D. Accountability

Answer 20

B.
Cognitive disengagement

Question 21

Exercising empathy helps prevent unethical behavior by:

A. Eliminating conflict
B. Enhancing awareness of others’ humanity
C. Reducing accountability
D. Improving outcomes

Answer 21

B.
Enhancing awareness of others’ humanity

Question 22

Moral engagement is BEST characterized by:

A. Rationalization
B. Sympathy without action
C. Respecting the rights of others
D. Compliance

Answer 22

C.
Respecting the rights of others

Question 23

“Extraordinary circumstances justify this action” is an example of:

A. Ethical reasoning
B. False moral justification
C. Transparency
D. Accountability

Answer 23

B.
False moral justification

Question 24

Caveat emptor in ethics-related discussions MOST often refers to: A. Buyer beware B. Leadership accountability C. Moral awareness D. Transparency

Answer 24

A. Buyer beware

Question 25

The “false conundrum” in ethical reasoning occurs when individuals: A. Recognize multiple options B. Create an artificial either/or choice C. Follow policy D. Seek advice

Answer 25

B. Create an artificial either/or choice

Question 26

Downplaying the scope of unethical behavior is dangerous because it: A. Increases transparency B. Limits accountability C. Encourages ethical reflection D. Improves outcomes

Answer 26

B. Limits accountability

Question 27

Ethical behavior is MOST likely sustained when individuals: A. Fear discipline B. Rely on group approval C. Maintain moral engagement D. Avoid conflict

Answer 27

C. Maintain moral engagement