ETHICS STUDY GUIDE Chapter 2 Judging Behavior

Question 1

Human behavior is MOST commonly judged using one or more of the following concepts:

A. Ethics, rank, and authority
B. Social norms, morals, ethics, and law
C. Culture, policy, and tradition
D. Values, beliefs, and attitudes

Answer 1

B.
Social norms, morals, ethics, and law

Question 2

Folkways are BEST described as:

A. Laws that regulate public behavior
B. Ethical rules enforced by society
C. Informal practices that define routine behavior
D. Morally absolute standards

Answer 2

C.
Informal practices that define routine behavior

Question 3

Which of the following BEST describes a taboo?

A. A behavior governed by personal ethics
B. A socially acceptable routine behavior
C. A strict prohibition that may evoke outrage or disgust
D. A behavior regulated exclusively by law

Answer 3

C.
A strict prohibition that may evoke outrage or disgust

Question 4

Mores differ from folkways because morals:

A. Are legally enforced
B. Are always written rules
C. Are associated with concepts of right and wrong
D. Apply only in professional settings

Answer 4

C.
Are associated with concepts of right and wrong

Question 5

Which behavior would MOST likely be associated with a moral expectation (more)?

A. Wearing casual clothing
B. Public nudity
C. Choosing a shift schedule
D. Arriving early to work

Answer 5

B.
Public nudity

Question 6

Morality is BEST defined as behavior considered:

A. Illegal
B. Unethical
C. Wrong or evil
D. Unpopular

Answer 6

C.
Wrong or evil

Question 7

Which moral theory suggests that an action is right because God wills it?

A. Natural Law Theory
B. Social Conditioning
C. Theory of Forms
D. Divine Command

Answer 7

D.
Divine Command

Question 8

Social Conditioning theory proposes that morality is primarily a:

A. Religious mandate
B. Manifestation of social need
C. Natural instinct
D. Legal construct

Answer 8

B.
Manifestation social need

Question 8

The Theory of Forms suggests that good and evil are governed by:

A. Human experience
B. Cultural standards
C. Natural forces
D. Written laws

Answer 8

C.
Natural forces

Question 8

Which theory of morality suggests that concepts of good and evil are hardwired into humans?

A. Divine Command
B. Social Conditioning
C. Natural Law
D. Theory of Forms

Answer 8

C.
Natural Law

Question 8

Malum prohibitum refers to acts that are:

A. Wrong by nature
B. Sinful by belief
C. Illegal because prohibited by law
D. Immoral regardless of law

Answer 8

C.
Illegal because prohibited by law

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of malum in se?

A. Parking violations
B. Failure to file paperwork
C. Robbery
D. Violating a curfew

Answer 9

C.
Robbery

Question 10

Justitia socialis is BEST described as:

A. Individual justice based on emotions
B. Laws governing criminal punishment
C. A system regulating fairness and justice in society
D. Informal social norms

Answer 10

C
A system regulating fairness and justice in society

Question 11

Justice differs from fairness because justice:

A. Is based on personal feelings
B. Applies only to individuals
C. Considers broader consequences to groups
D. Is subjective

Answer 11

C.
Considers broader consequences to groups

Question 11

Fairness is MOST closely associated with:

A. Equal treatment in all cases
B. Strict rule enforcement
C. Individualized judgment
D. Emotional decision-making

Answer 11

C.
Individualized judgement

Question 12

Which concept requires judgment without reference to personal interest?

A. Folkways
B. Fairness
C. Justice
D. Morality

Answer 12

C.
Justice

Question 13

A law prohibiting murder would BEST be categorized as:

A. Malum prohibitum
B. Social conditioning
C. Folkway
D. Malum in se

Answer 13

D.
Malum in se

Question 14

What is Malum in se?

Answer 14

Laws prohibiting actions that are wrong at face value, such as murder and robbery.

Question 15

Which statement BEST reflects the relationship between law and ethics?

A. All unethical acts are illegal
B. Ethics and law are identical
C. Laws define minimum standards of behavior
D. Ethics replace legal standards

Answer 15

C.
Laws define minimum standards of behavior

Question 16

When judging behavior, ethics MOST often requires consideration of:

A. Public opinion
B. Policy compliance
C. Context and intent
D. Rank and authority

Answer 16

C.
Context and intent

Question 17

justice-based decisions MOST often emphasize:

A. Equal outcomes
B. Personal beliefs
C. Contextual fairness with broader consequences
D. Informal social norms

Answer 17

C.
Contextual fairness with broader consequences