Extras

Question 1

Community acquired pneumonia

Answer 1

• s aureus, group A strep, mycoplasma, legionella
• LMICs: s pneumoniae, h influenzae

Question 2

Atypical pneumonia

Answer 2

mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila

Question 3

Atypical pneumonia viruses

Answer 3

influenza a and b, adenovirus, RSV, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus

Question 4

hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 4

• gram negatives and MRSA
• legionella and respiratory viruses sporadicaly

Question 5

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 5

• h influenzae, n meningitidis, s pneumoniae

Question 6

Aseptic meningitis

Answer 6

• primarily viral
• enteroviruses (>50%), arboviruses, herpesviruses

Question 7

Non viral aseptic meningitis

Answer 7

• borrelia, mycoplasma pneumoniae
• naegleria folweri
• cryptococcus
• autoimmune

Question 8

Acute encephalitis

Answer 8

• viral
• herpes simplex (50-70%), arboviruses, enteroviruses

Question 9

brain abscess

Answer 9

• s pneumoniae, group a strep, anaerobes, h influenzae

Question 10

Preemies

Answer 10

• highest risk of infection
• HAIs: similar to long term hospital patients
• e coli

Question 11

Term

Answer 11

• go home in 2 days
• GBS, e coli

Question 12

Early onset in term

Answer 12

• GBS, e coli
• ampicillin and gentamicin

Question 13

hospital acquired neonatal sepsis

Answer 13

• gram negatives: e coli, s aureus, coagulas negative staphylococci

Question 14

community acquired late onset

Answer 14

• e coli, GBS
• after 3 days of age

Question 15

post splenectomy pathogens

Answer 15

• encapsulated bacteria: s pneumoniae, h influenzae, n meningitidis (pneumonias)
• capnocytophaga canimorsus
• protozoa: babesia microti, plasmodium falciparum

Question 16

Spleen functions

Answer 16

• location of lymphoid mass
• monocytes and b lymphocytes

Question 17

Animals and pneumonia

Answer 17

• goats: anthrax
• birds: psittacosis
• fleas: tularemia

Question 18

Vaccination proposal

Answer 18

• safety
• dosing
• immune response

Question 19

Cigarette smoke on lung defense

Answer 19

• disrupts mucociliary transport
• impairs immune cells

Question 20

Alcohol on lung defense

Answer 20

• impairs cough and epiglottic reflexes
• increases oropharyngeal colonization
• disrupts neutrophil function

Question 21

co-infections on lung defense

Answer 21

• impair ciliary function
• destroy respiratory epithelium

Question 22

immune deficiencies and lung defense

Answer 22

• functional defects