Lecture 6

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

• acts quickly, first line of defense
• skin, fever, microbiome
• receptors tuned to specific, common patterns of microorganisms
• limits infection and activates adaptive immune response

Question 2

Inflammatory response

Answer 2

• most common, strongest response
• tissue damage -> blood vessels dilate -> cells migrate -> cells address pathogens -> repair damage

Question 3

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

Answer 3

• broad features essential for survival
• membranes, DNA, etc

Question 4

Damage associated molecular patterns

Answer 4

made my host in times of stress
- innate response in absence of infection

Question 5

Toll-like receptors

Answer 5

• target microbial components not found in host
• receptors sample target in phagocyte

Question 6

Adaptive immunity

Answer 6

• recognizes and targets antigens (proteins)
• requires time for optimal induction
• mediated by lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
• humoral and cellular mechanisms

Question 7

Adaptive immunity characteristics

Answer 7

• specificity and diversity
• remember previous encounter
• self/nonself recognition

Question 8

Antibodies (Abs)

Answer 8

• produced by B cells
• recognize native antigens
• surface bound or secreted
• heavy and light chains
• H and L must rearrange

Question 9

T cell receptors (TCRs)

Answer 9

• produced by T cells
• surface bound
• recognized processed antigens - more specialized

Question 10

Immune response

Answer 10

1. Hematopoiesis - make white and red blood cells
2. Induction/activation - immune cells activated and selectively cloned
3. Antigen elimination - clear out pathogen

Question 11

Lymphoid system

Answer 11

• bone marrow and thymus - immune cells generated
• spleen, lymph nodes, lymphoid tissue (MALT), lymphatic vessels - immune cells activated

Question 12

B lymphocytes

Answer 12

• mature naive create surface IgM and IgD
• work with T cells for efficiency
• undergo class switching to make IgG, IgA, IgE
• activated B cells undergo affinity maturation to improve Abs

Question 13

T Lymphocites

Answer 13

• naive express CD4 and CD8
• interaction with antigens triggers specialization to effector cells or memory cells

Question 14

T cell effector

Answer 14

• T helper cells: CD4+
• T cytotoxic cells - CD8+

Question 15

B cell differentiated

Answer 15

• plasma cells: secrete antibody
• memory cells: long lived, secondary response

Question 16

IgG

Answer 16

• maternal immunity
• most abundant in blood

Question 17

IgA

Answer 17

• found in all secretions

Question 18

IgM

Answer 18

• needs improvement in binding
• complement activator

Question 19

IgD

Answer 19

mystery

Question 20

IgE

Answer 20

• mediates allergies

Question 21

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules

Answer 21

• class 1 MHC: presents endogenous Ags
• class 2 MHC: present exogenous Ags
• present processed protein antigens to T cells