Lecture 22

Question 1

NTDs overview

Answer 1

• result/cause of poverty
• disproportionately affect children, women, and elderly
• cutaneous manifestations are disfiguring (especially for women)
• children infected with STH are nutritionally/physically impaired

Question 2

Creation of NTDs

Answer 2

no single dz got enough attention -> combination led to recognition of impacts

Question 3

Ibrahima Soce Fall

Answer 3

WHO Director

Question 4

WHO and NTDs

Answer 4

• NTDs linked to social determinants of health
• no support for interventions, work towards sustainable development goals
• interventions also have ancillary benefits (economic development)

Question 5

World development report 1993

Answer 5

• developed DALYs
• DALYs showed high burden
• worm infections as new PH interest

Question 6

World development report people

Answer 6

Dean T Jamison
Robert Hecht
Seth Berkley
Christopher JL Murray

Question 7

“rapid impact interventions” and achieving millennium development goals

Answer 7

• 2005, origin of NTDs
• targeting NTDs can improve economic development of poor countries

Question 8

2011 WHO roadmap

Answer 8

• roadmap for control, elimination, eradication
• latter two added to raise support

Question 9

2021 WHO roadmap

Answer 9

• enhancing coordination among stakeholders such as WASH and vector control
• 100% access to basic water supply, sanitation, hygiene

Question 10

2024 WHO report on NTDs

Answer 10

• significant but underwhelming progress

Question 11

2025 updates

Answer 11

• number of countries have eliminated some NTDs
• new department of malaria and neglected tropical diseases established in division of health promotion, prevention and care

Question 12

healthcare barriers to NTD control

Answer 12

• limited access to diagnostics, treatment and vector control
• insufficient healthcare infrastructure

Question 13

Funding barriers

Answer 13

• NTD endemic countries face resource limitations

Question 14

Surveillance/data barriers

Answer 14

• reliable data collection and monitoring is crucial but underdeveloped in many regions

Question 15

NTD control strategies

Answer 15

• large scale preventative treatment
  -WASH
• vector management
• veterinary public health
• disease management

Question 16

WASH related NTDs

Answer 16

• soil transmitted helminths
• schistosomiasis
• blinding trachoma
• leprosy
• buruli ulcer
• over 10 NTDs related to lack of access to sanitation/hygiene

Question 17

Control of trachoma

Answer 17

• surgery for inturned eyelids
• antibiotics to treat infection
• facial cleanliness
• environmental change to increase access to water/sanitation

Question 18

WASH intervention outcomes

Answer 18

• drinking water: reduction by 50% risk of diarrhea
• sanitation: reduce risk by 24%
• small increase in length growth in children

Question 19

WASH ladder

Answer 19

no facility -> unimproved -> limited -> basic -> safely managed
- availability, accessibility, adequacy, quality

Question 20

WASH evaluations

Answer 20

• limited long term study
• no high methodological quality
• moving up WASH ladder increases control

Question 21

WASH NTDs outcomes

Answer 21

• slight reduction in STH infections
• show lower impacts than expected