Face

Question 1

Muscles chracteristics

Answer 1

1. Many
2. Small
3. Bony origin from skull
4. Inserting into skin of face
5. Supplied by facial nerves
6. Called muscles of facial expression

Question 2

Types of muscles

Answer 2

1. Circumorbital and palpebral
2. Nasal
3. Buccolabial
4. Oral sphincter

Question 3

Circumorbital and palpebral muscles

Answer 3

Orbicularis oculi

Question 4

Nasal muscles

Answer 4

Procerus

Question 5

Buccolabial muscles

Answer 5

1. Buccinator
2. Levator labbii superioris
3. Zygomaticus major
4. Depressor anguli oris

Question 6

Oral sphincter muscle

Answer 6

Orbicularis oris

Question 7

Orbicularis oculi parts

Answer 7

1. Orbital part: around orbital margin
2. Palpebral part: eyelids
3. Lacrimal part

Question 8

Orbital part origin

Answer 8

Upper part medial palpebral ligament with bone above and below it

Question 9

Orbital part insertion

Answer 9

1. Lower border medial palpebral ligament
2. Many fibers inserted into eyebrows skin

Question 10

Orbital part curve

Answer 10

Curves around orbital margin

Question 11

Palpebral part origin

Answer 11

Medial palpebral ligament
Passes in upper and lower eyelids

Question 12

Palpebral part insertion

Answer 12

Fibers of both lids insert lateral in lateral palpebral raphe (ligament)

Question 13

Lacrimal part origin

Answer 13

1. Posterior lacrimal crest
2. Fascia covering lacrimal sac

Question 14

Lacrimal part insertion

Answer 14

Blends with palpebral part in eyelids

Question 15

Orbicularis oculi nerve supply

Answer 15

1. Temporal branch of facial nerve
2. Zygomatic branch of facial nerve

Question 16

Orbicularis oculi action

Answer 16

1. Orbital part: closes eye firmly and suddenly in danger
2. Palpebral part: closes eyes gently in sleep
3. Lacrimal part: stretches and dilates lacrimal sac to help in tears drainage

Question 17

Orbicularis oris parts

Answer 17

1. Intrinsic part
2. External part

Question 18

Intrinsic part

Answer 18

Surrounds:
1. Mouth
2. Upper lips
3. Lower lips

Question 19

Extrinsic part

Answer 19

Extension from surrounding muscles such as buccinator

Question 20

Orbicularis oris nerve supply

Answer 20

1. Buccal branch facial nerve
2. Mandibular branch facial nerve

Question 21

Orbicularis oris action

Answer 21

1. Movement of lips and sphincter for closure of mouth

Question 22

Buccinator

Answer 22

Cheek muscle

Question 23

Buccinator origin upper fibers

Answer 23

Alveolar process of maxilla, opposite upper 3 molars

Question 24

Buccinator origin lower fibers

Answer 24

Oblique line of mandible, opposite lower 3 molars

Question 25

Buccinator origin middle fibers

Answer 25

Ptergoidmandibular ligament From: A. Pterygoid hamulus To B. Mylohyoid line posterior end

Question 26

Buccinator insertion

Answer 26

1. Upper fibers: upper lip 2. Lower fibers: lower lip 3. Middle fibers: decussate at mouth angle acting as a sphincter

Question 27

Buccinator nerve supply

Answer 27

Buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 28

Buccinator action

Answer 28

1. Prevents food accumulation in vestibule 2. Prevent saliva dribbling from mouth angle 3. Blowing 4. Whistling

Question 29

Buccinator superficial relations

Answer 29

1. Buccal fat pad 2. Buccopharyngeal fascia 3. Buccal nerve and vessels 4. Facial blood vessels

Question 30

Buccinator deep relations

Answer 30

Buccal mucosa

Question 31

Buccinator sutures piercing

Answer 31

1. Buccal nerve and vessels 2. Parotid duct

Question 32

Nerve supply

Answer 32

Motor: 1. Temporal nerve 2. Zygomatic branches (upper and lower 3. Buccal nerve 4. Mandibular nerve 5. Cervical branch Sensory: 3 divisions of trigemnial nerve 1. Ophthalmic nerve 2. Maxillary nerve 3. Mandibular nerve EXCEPT Skin area on mandible angle and parotid (greater auricular nerve C2,C3)

Question 33

Motor

Answer 33

Facial nerve enters parotid and divides into 5 branches

Question 34

Temporal nerve supply

Answer 34

Supplies 1. Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis 2. Orbicularis upper part

Question 35

Zygomatic nerve supply

Answer 35

1. Lower part of orbicularis oculi 2. Muscles between eye and mouth, including nose muscles

Question 36

Buccal nerve supply

Answer 36

1. Buccinator 2. Upper part orbicularis oris

Question 37

Mandibular nerve supply

Answer 37

1. Lower part of orbicularis oris 2. Lower lip muscle

Question 38

Cervical nerve supply

Answer 38

Platysma

Question 39

Applied anatomy: facial nerve injury

Answer 39

Extracranial part Facial palsy Paralysis of facial muscles lead to: 1. Patient cannot close his eye in affected 2. Dribbling of saliva from mouth angle in affected side 3. Accumulation of food in mouth vestibule in affected side 4. Deviation of mouth angle to opposite side (healthy side)

Question 40

Ophthalmic nerve branches and origin

Answer 40

1. Supraorbital: frontal nerve 2. Supratrochlear: frontal nerve 3. Infratrochlear: nasociliary nerve 4. External nasal: nasociliary nerve 5. Palpebral: lacrimal nerve

Question 41

Ophthalmic nerve distribution

Answer 41

1. Skin of upper eyelid 2. Skin of forehead 3. Skin of dorsum of nose

Question 42

Maxillary nerve branches

Answer 42

1. Infraorbital: Gives - palpebral - nasal - labial 2. Zygomaticofacial: from zygomatic nerve

Question 43

Maxillary nerve distribution

Answer 43

Skin of face: 1. Lower eyelid 2. Side of nose 3. Upper lip Skin over zygomatic bone

Question 44

Mandibular nerve branches

Answer 44

1. Buccal 2. Mental: from inferior alveolar nerve

Question 45

Mandibular nerve distribution

Answer 45

1. Skin of Cheek 2. Skin lower lip 3. Mandible 4. Chin

Question 46

Applied anatomy trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 46

Disease affecting sensory root of trigeminal nerve caused by compression of the nerve by large blood vessel or by tumor. It is characterized by severe episodic pains restricted to areas supplied by maxillary and/or Mandibular nerve.

Question 47

Atrial supply

Answer 47

1. Facial artery 2. Transverse facial artery 3. Infraorbital artery 4. Buccal artery 5. Mental artery 6. Supratrochlear artery 7. Supraorbital artery 8. Dorsal nasal artery

Question 48

Facial artery

Answer 48

Branch of ECA in the neck It has two parts: 1. Cervical 2. Facial

Question 49

Facial part of facial nerve course

Answer 49

1. Enters face at anteroinferior angle of masseter 2. Runs in tortuous course to a point 1cm behind angle of mouth 3. Ascends vertically on side of nose 4. Reach eye medial angle 5. End as angular artery which anastomoses with Supraorbital and Supratrochlear branches of ophthalmic artery

Question 50

Facial part of facial nerve branches and supply

Answer 50

1. Inferior labial: lower lip 2. Superior labial: upper lip 3. Nasal: nose side and septal branch to nasal septum anterior part

Question 51

Transverse facial artery course and supply

Answer 51

Supply face 1. Branch of superficial temporal artery inside parotid 2. Leaves gland anterior border 3. Passes on masseter below zygomatic arch and above parotid duct

Question 52

Infraorbital artery course and supply

Answer 52

1. Termination of maxillary artery 2. Comes out of Infraorbital foramen 3. Divides into - palpebral: lower eyelid - nasal: side nose - labial: upper lip

Question 53

Buccal artery origin and supply

Answer 53

Branch of maxillary artery Supplies cheek

Question 54

Mental artery origin and supply

Answer 54

Branch of inferior alveolar artery from maxillary artery Supplies chin and lower lip

Question 55

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital artery origin and supply

Answer 55

Ophthalmic artery Supply: 1. Upper eyelid 2. Forhead

Question 56

Dorsal nasal artery origin and supply

Answer 56

Ophthalmic artery Supply nose dorsum

Question 57

Venous drainage

Answer 57

1. Anterior facial vein or facial vein 2. Posterior facial vein or retromandibular vein

Question 58

Anterior facial vein beginning

Answer 58

Medial angle of eye by union of Supraorbital and Supratrochlear veins

Question 59

Anterior facial vein course

Answer 59

1. Runs a straight course downwards and backwards behind facial artery 2 leaves face at anteroinferior angle of masseter 3. Crosses mandible body and submandibular gland to enter neck

Question 60

Anterior facial vein end

Answer 60

In neck by uniting with anterior division of posterior facial vein forming common facial vein which ends in IJV

Question 61

Anterior facial vein tributaries

Answer 61

1. Supraorbital 2. Supratrochlear 3. In face: - Nasal - Superior labial - Inferior labial - Veins from buccinator, masseter, and parotid - Deep facial vein 4. In neck: - Tonsillar - Paratonsillar - Submental gland veins - Submandibular gland veins

Question 62

Posterior facial vein beginning

Answer 62

Inside parotid by union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Question 63

Posterior facial vein course

Answer 63

Descends superficial to ECA and deep to facial nerve

Question 64

Posterior facial nerve end

Answer 64

1. Divide into anterior and posterior divisions leaving gland at its lower end 2. Anterior division unites with anterior facial vein forming common facial 3. Posterior division unites with posterior auricular vein forming external jugular vein

Question 65

Applied anatomy dangerous area of the face

Answer 65

Triangular area in the middle of face 1. Nose 2. Upper lip Infection reaches cavernous sinus: 1. Anterior facial vein to 2. Deep facial vein to 3. Pterygoid venous plexus to 4. Emissary vein through foramen ovals to cavernous sinus

Question 66

Lymph drainage

Answer 66

1. Buccal: drain cheek 2. Parotid: drain upper and lateral part face 3. Submandibular: drain nose, upper and lower lips