Anatomy Year 2 Term 1 > GI workbook 2 > Flashcards

GI workbook 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

a

A

a. omental appendices (pouches of peritoneum filled with fat)

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2
Q

b

A

b. haustra

(give segmented appearance - “saccules”

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3
Q

c

A

Teniae Coli

(strips of muscle x 3)

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4
Q

a

A

teniae coli

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5
Q

b

A

omental appendices

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6
Q

c

A

haustra

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7
Q

The large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by 3 features:

A
  1. hautra
  2. teniae coli
  3. omental appnedices
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8
Q

How is the large intestine peritonised?

A

Retro-peritoneal -> ascending and descending colon

Intraperitoneal -> caecum, transvere, sigmoid,

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9
Q

a

A

right colic (hepatic flexure)

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10
Q

b

A

Transverse colon

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11
Q

c

A

Left colic (splenic flexure)

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12
Q

d

A

descending colon (retro)

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12
Q

e

A

sigmoid colon

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13
Q

f

A

caecum

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14
Q

g

A

ascendng colon (retro)

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15
Q

a

A

ileo-colic artery

(branch of superior mesenteric artry)

  • distal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum, appendix ,
  • > proximal ascending colon
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16
Q

b

A

right colic artery

(branch of SMA)

  • supplies asceding colon
  • transvere colon
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17
Q

c

A

middle colic artery

(branch of SMA)

supplies
- transverse colon

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18
Q

d

A

marginal artery

arcade formed by an anastomosis between the distal branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

supplis -> proximal descending colon at the splenic flexure

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19
Q

e

A

left colic artery

branch of inferior mesenteric artery that supplies the

  • distal thirds of the transverse colon.
  • descending colon
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20
Q

f

A

sigmoid arteries

branch of inferior mesenteric artery

supplies sigmoid colon

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21
Q

a

A

IVC

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22
Q

b

A

hepatic portal vein

(drains directly to liver)

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23
Q

c

A

superior mesenteric vein

(drains to HPV)

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24
d
middle colic vein (drains into SMV)
25
e
pancreatico-duodenal vein (superior)
26
f
right colic vein (drains into SMV)
27
g
ileo-colic vein (drains into SMV)
28
h
superior mesenteric vein
29
i
internal iliac vein (drains into common iliac vein)
30
j
middle rectual vein (drains into internal iliac vein -> common iliac vein -> IVC)
31
k
inferior rectal vein (empty into internal iliac -> common iliac vein -> IVC)
32
m
superior rectal (drain into inferior mesenteric vein -> splenic vein -> hepatic portal system)
33
n
sigmoid vein (inferior mesenteric -> splenic -> HPV)
34
O
Left colic vein (drains to inferior mesenteric vein -> splenic vein -> HPV)
35
P
inferior mesenteric vein (drains into splenic vein)
36
Q
splenic vein
37
which region is the caecum and appendix in?
Right inguinal region
38
what two structures open into the caecum?
ileum and ascending colon
39
what is mc burneys point?
site of maximum tenderness in acture appendicitis tenderness with palpation of McBurney's point, which is located at one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. McBurney's point is commonly the location of the base of the appendix, so it will be painful when it is inflamed.
40
which arteries supply the ascending colon?
ileo-cecal right colic (branches of SMA)
41
Which veins drain the ascending colon?
ileo-colic right colic (drain to SMV)
42
which arteries supply the transverse colon?
right colic (SM) middle colic (SM) left colic (IM)
43
which vein drains the transverse colon?
middle colic -> SM
44
Which arteries supply the descending colon?
Left colic (IM)
45
which vein drains the descending colon
left colic (IM)
46
which artery supploies the sigmoid colon
sigmoid arteries (IM)
47
which vein drains the sigmoid colon
sigmoid vein -> IMV
48
which vein drains the transverse colon
middle colic -> SMV
49
a
Ascending colon Aterial supply - ileo-cecal (SMA) - right colic (SMA) Venous drainage - ileocecal (SMV) - right colic (SMV)
50
b
Transverse colon Arterial supply - right colic (SMA) - middle colic (SMA) - left colic (IMA) Venous drainge - middle colic (SMV)
51
c
Descending colon Aterial supply - left colic (IMA) Venous drainage - left colic vein (IMV)
52
The rectum begins at the level of
S3 continuation of sigmoid colon
53
3 arteries which supply rectum
* Superior rectal artery – terminal continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery. * Middle rectal artery – branch of the internal iliac artery. * Inferior rectal artery – branch of the internal pudendal artery.
54
SNS innervation of rectum
lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2) -> superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses.
55
PNS innervation of rectum
pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4 inferior hypogastric plexuses | sensory fibres follow PNS supply
56
Lymphatic drainage of the rectum is via
**para- rectal** lymph nodes which drain into the** inferior mesenteric nodes.** lower aspect of the rectum drains directly into the **internal iliac lymph nodes. **
57
Super 1/3 of rectum - arterial supply - venous drainage - lymphatic drainage - peritioneum
- superior rectal artery (IMV) - superior rectal vein (into IMV) - PARA-RECTAL to IMV nodes - anterior/lateral peritoneum
58
middle 1/3 of rectum - artery - venous drainage - lymphatic - peritoneum
* middle rectal artery (from internal iliac) * middle rectal vein (from internal iliac) * Para-rectal to IMV * Anterior peritonised
59
inferior 1/3 rectum - arterial - venous - lymphatics -
inferior rectal artery - from pudendal artery inferior rectal vein -> into systemic/internal iliac/IVC pararectal -> internal iliac nodes no peritoneum
60
What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?
Support of rectum and urinary bladder
61
Above the pectinate line in the anal canal - arterial supply - venous drainage - nerve supply - epithelium - lympathatics
- superior rectal artery (IMA) - superior rectual vein (IMV) - inferior hypogastric plexus - columnar epithelium - derived from hindgut - drains internal iliac lymph nodes
62
below the pectinate line in the anal canal - arterial supply - venous drainage - nerve supply - epithelium - lympathatics
- inferior rectal artery (internal pudendal artery) - inferior rectal vein (-> interal pudendal vein) - somatic/inferior rectal nerves (branches of **pudendal nerve/sensitive to pain-** - non-keratinised stratified squamos - ectoderm - superficial inguinal nodes
63
What is the pectinate line?
The pectinate line demarcates the superior two-thirds of the anal canal from the inferior one-third. This is a result of their different embryological origins: Above the pectinate line - derived from the **embryonic hindgut.** Below the pectinate line - derived from the ectoderm of the proctodeum.
64
above the pectinate line in the anal canal is derived from
embryonic hingut
65
below the pectinate line in the anal canal is derived from
ectoderm of the proctodeum.
66
lymphatic drainage of the stomach
celiac lymph nodes pre-aortic T12 level
67
lymph nodes that drain the first part of the duodenum
Celiac pre-aortic T12
68
lymph nodes that drain the - second part of the duodenum - jejunum - ileum
superior mesenteric nodes pre-aortic L1
69
A
a. Inferior mesenteric artery
69
70
b
b. Abdominal aorta
71
c
Median sacral artery
72
d.
d. internal iliac artery
73
e
middle rectal artery (branch of internal iliac) - systemic
74
f
superior rectal artery (branch of the inferior mesenteric)
75
g
inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal artery)
76
a
a. IVC
77
b
right common iliac vein
78
c
superior rectal vein (drains into inferior mesenteric vein -> splenic -> HPV-> portal system)
79
e
external iliac vein
80
f
internal iliac vein
81
g
inferior mesenteric vein (splenic-> HPV -> liver)
82
h
middle rectal vein (internal iliac vein -> IVC)
83
# j j
levatorani m
84
k
internal pudendal vein
85
o
inferior rectal vein (internal iliac -> systemic)
86
a
rectum (begins S3)
87
b.
sacral flexure (concave curve - follows sacrum/coccyx) marks curve of rectum
88
c
ano-rectal flexure (convex)
89
a
ampulla of rectum - final segment - relaxes to temporarily store faeces
90
a.
anal canal
91
b
internal anal sphincter - involuntary circular smooth muscle - autonomic control
92
c
external anal sphincter voluntary striated muscle
93
a
anal column - mucosa is organised into longitudinal fold
94
b
anal valves - inferior ends of anal columns form an irregular circle known as the pectinate line
95
c
pectinate line formed by the ends of anal valves divides anal canal into upper and lower parts
96
above the pectinate line the anal canal is derived from?
embyronic hindgut
97
below the pectinate line the anal canael is derived from?
ectoderm of the proctoduem (non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium)
Anatomy Year 2 Term 1
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