glaucoma

Question 1

associated with elevated pressure, optic neuropathy

Answer 1

Glaucoma

Question 2

the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma

Answer 2

inc IOP

Question 3

normal IOP

Answer 3

10-21 mmHg

Question 4

Glaucoma IOP level

Answer 4

higher than 22 mmHg

Question 5

drainage is completely blocked (open or closed angle)

Answer 5

closed angle

Question 6

reason for angle closure

Answer 6

maybe due to iris bulging

Question 7

due to increase resistance of the network that impedes outflow

Answer 7

open angle glaucoma

Question 8

produces aqueous humor

Answer 8

ciliary body and muscle

Question 9

most common type in north america

Answer 9

open angle glaucoma

Question 10

often asymptomatic (open or close)

Answer 10

open angle glaucoma

Question 11

risk factor due to corticosteroid use, pseudoexfoliation

Answer 11

secondary open angle glaucoma

Question 12

caused by trabecular meshwork dysfunction

Answer 12

primary open angle glaucoma

Question 13

this is rare type, due to iris bulging

Answer 13

angle closure glaucoma

Question 14

to prevent permanent blindness, how long should treatment be provided

Answer 14

within 24 hours

Question 15

aside from iris bulging, angle closure can be due to what?

Answer 15

diabetes

Question 16

medication causes of glaucoma

Answer 16

TOPIRAMATA, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, COC, antichol, decongestants, antihistamine

Question 17

decreases aq humor outflow (dec IOP)

Answer 17

prostaglandin, cholinergic AGONIST, alpha-2 AGONIST

Question 18

decreases aq humor production

Answer 18

beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inh

Question 19

most effective agent in reducing IOP and well tolerated

Answer 19

prostaglandin analogues LATANOPROST, bimatoprost, travoprost

Question 20

often used as an adjunctive therapy

Answer 20

prostaglandin analogies

Question 21

how long is latanoprost effective after opening

Answer 21

6 weeks, if not opened should be ref

Question 22

has long duration of action, and has systemic effects (agent for glaucoma)

Answer 22

beta blockers (timolol is better»> betaxolol)

Question 23

reserved as a last line option due to tolerability

Answer 23

pilocarpine

Question 24

side effect of pilocarpine

Answer 24

myopia

Question 25

may cause allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 25

alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (apraclonidine, brimonidine)

Question 26

short term treatment of POAG

Answer 26

alpha-2 agonists (apra- brimonidine)

Question 27

possible SE of alpha-2 agonists

Answer 27

tachyphylaxis

Question 28

most effective agent in CAI

Answer 28

dorzolamide

Question 29

oral options reserved for angle closure glaucoma

Answer 29

acetazolamide PO, methazolamide PO