globalisation EQ2

Question 1

the first wave of globalisation

Answer 1

the movement of manufacturing from europe and the USA to many asian countries

Question 2

the second wave of globalisation

Answer 2

the outsourcing of services from europe to the USA to many asian countries

Question 3

benefits of Chinas global shift

Answer 3

• investment in infastructure eg airport
• decreased unemployment and reduced poverty
• TNCs invest in training and improve skills
• improved technology
• comulative causation

Question 4

costs of Chinas global shift

Answer 4

• loss of farmland
• increase in informal housing
• pollution,health problems, water shortages
• loss in biological productivity (land degradation)
• exploitation of resources

Question 5

outsourcing of services to India

Bangalore - costs and benefits

Answer 5

• cost effective and efficient (IT hubs)
• skilled workforce
• footloose
• tech city offering educational and economic liberalisation
• software technology parks
• incfreased ocsts and reduced loyalty (con to TNCs)

Question 6

impacts of global shift on UK and USA

Answer 6

• deindustrialisation can elad to deprivation eg Leister
• unemployment and depopulation affected Newcastle
• dereliction and contamination in Sheffield
• Detroit had major decline for cars

Question 7

migration

Answer 7

the movement of a person or persons from one place to another involving a permenant (1 year or more) chamge of adress

Question 8

net migration

Answer 8

the balance between immigration and emigration

Question 9

types of migrant

Answer 9

• displaced persons
• voluntary migrants
• illegal migrants

Question 10

displaced persons

Answer 10

• refugees/asylum seekers
• temporary stay
• citizenship or repatriation

Question 11

voluntary migrants

Answer 11

• economic migrants
• weeks or years
• returns to own country

Question 12

illegal migrants

Answer 12

• voluntary or criminal
• staying until discovered
• forced deportation

Question 13

Lee’s model of migration

Answer 13

origin –> intervening obstacles –> destination

push factors
- lack of jobs
- war
- natural disaster

pull factors:
- lifestyle
- weather
- jobs

obstacles:
- cost
- familt
- visas

Question 14

internal migration

Answer 14

migration within a country:
- rural to urban
- urban to rural
- inter-urban (different cities)
- intra-urban (same city)
- transmigration (forced)

Question 15

positive economic impacts for country of origin

Answer 15

• benefits from remittances sent home
• upon arrival brings new skills like language

Question 16

negative economic impacts for country of origin

Answer 16

• loss of young workforce
• reduce inward investment by private companies

Question 17

positive social impacts for country of origin

Answer 17

• better facilities

Question 18

negative social impacts for country of origin

Answer 18

• marriage rates fall as family structures break down
• increased dependancy raet as young workforce leaves

Question 19

political impacts for country of origin

Answer 19

policies to encourage imimigration to counteract outflow

Question 20

positive economic impacts for host country

Answer 20

• migrants take up undesireable jobs that need filling
• costs of retirement can be transfereed to origin country

Question 21

negative economic impacts for host country

Answer 21

much money earnt by migrants isnt spent in host country

Question 22

positive soical impacts for host country

Answer 22

• encourage learning new languages, helps people work internationally
• creation of multi-ethnic society increases understanding

Question 23

negative social impacts for host country

Answer 23

• discrimination
• pressure of services like healthcare

Question 24

political impacts for host country

Answer 24

entrenchment of attitudes may encourage fundamentalism

Question 25

step migration

Answer 25

move from place to place eg Melilla (Morocco) which is spanish territory but in Africa so poeple can go there and claim asylum

Question 26

where do asylum applicants go to in the EU?

Answer 26

- sweden - germany - greece - hungary

Question 27

where do the worlds asylum applicants go?

Answer 27

- germany - US - UK - France

Question 28

Cuba- cultural erosion | positives

Answer 28

- GDP spent on healthcare and education - attractive culture to tourists - preserved natural environments - diverse - reduction of deforestation

Question 29

Cuba- cultural erosion | negatives

Answer 29

- lost trade to USA allies - food shortages - low investment levels - lack of spending on transport - poorly manufactured housing - lack of technology

Question 30

migration to Quatar

Answer 30

- foreign migrants make up 88% of the population - UK based construction compnies eg Hyder

Question 31

conditions facing migrants in Quatar

Answer 31

- human rights abuse - 1200 workers died for world cup stadium - modern slavery

Question 32

what makes up the culture of a place?

Answer 32

- traditions - norms and values - religion - language - art

Question 33

cultural diffusion

Answer 33

spread of cultural ideas and way of life to another area - cultural imperialism - westernisation

Question 34

cultural erosion

Answer 34

loss or dilution of a culture

Question 35

TNC impact on culture

Answer 35

selected global brands explain how they influence culture around the world eg apple spread digital communications

Question 36

media impact on culture

Answer 36

global media changed attitudes towards marginalised groups eg disability and the paralympics

Question 37

diets impact on culture

Answer 37

diets are changing eg China are eatign more poultry and beef due to changes in cooking which increases methane

Question 38

tourism impacts on culture

Answer 38

+preservation of cultural heritage +revival of traditional arts -loss of cultural character -potential misunderstandings and conflict

Question 39

migration impact on culture

Answer 39

- cross cultural exchange - can loose character - westernisation - ethnic enclaves

Question 40

hyper-globalisers

Answer 40

- globalisation is a succesful process - cultures and economies become mroe integrated - leads to homogenous cultures

Question 41

transformationalists

Answer 41

- dynamic responses to globalisation - not inevitable that all culture will become homogenous - cultures will change but in different ways - hybrid cultures may evolve

Question 42

sceptics

Answer 42

- globalisation is is profound in global economies and reflects interdependance - marginalisation not destruction of poorer groups

Question 43

indigenous peoples

Answer 43

minority in the population with their own characteristcs eg language and territory eg the Inuit of the Arctic

Question 44

uncontacted Amazon tribe

Answer 44

- globalisation puts pressure on rainforest like illegal logging - violence/conflict - contact with virus or disease can wipe out tribes like common cold

Question 45

cultural survival

Answer 45

NGO that protects indigenous people

Question 46

world social forum

Answer 46

collection of NGOs who focus on developing countries that dont benefit from globalisation - oppose globalisation - unequal impacts - huge divide between rich and poor

Question 47

world economic forum (Davos)

Answer 47

elite group of 2500 business leaders, who make decisions on FDI and trade - pro globalisation - improve the state of the world - drive economic growth

Question 48

Bougainville

Answer 48

- 2019 referendem to gain independance from Papau New Guini - distinct culture - civil war for 10 years - Australia and UK exploited mines

Question 49

global influence in Papau New Guini | cultural erosion

Answer 49

- Under colonial rule PNG experienced political, social and conomic integration. - supressed tribal warfare by missionaries spreding western views - villages forced to be plantation workers - decrease of native language from cross-cultura marriage