Superpowers eq1

Question 1

South China Sea players

Answer 1

• china
• trump
• vietnam
• japan
• IGOs
• UN
• NGOs

Question 2

South china sea action

Answer 2

• militarisation with lsrge oil supplies and other countries have territorial claim
• US put warships in the area
• multilateral naval exercise (Komodo 2025 international conference)

Question 3

South china sea futures

Answer 3

• regional conflict
• international conflict
• international negotiation
• tension

Question 4

superpower

Answer 4

a state with a dominant position, which is characterised by its expensive ability to exert influence or project on a global scale eg usa

Question 5

emerging power

Answer 5

potential superpowers of the future, growing power and status eg china

Question 6

regional power

Answer 6

influential with the continent they are in eg mexico

Question 7

USA - the worlds policeman

Answer 7

• American taxpayer paying considerable sum for US military to police the world
• made sense during cold war to fight soviety union
• military operations in Iraq have exacerberated prior decades of unnecesary military operations

Question 8

UK defence budget

Answer 8

Increased in Feburary 2025 by 2.5% of their GDP, but Trump wants that figure to be higher

Question 9

EPMCDR

What makes a superpower?

Answer 9

• economics
• politics
• military
• culture
• demographic
• resources

Question 10

economics

Answer 10

high GDP, high levels of trade (including influence over global trade), home to TNCs, hard currency held in reserve by other countries

Question 11

politics

Answer 11

permenant seat held on the UN security council, together with powerful allies, many multilateral aggreements

Question 12

military

Answer 12

high expenditure, weaponry, personnel, including nuclear, coild command globe, intelligence networks, technology

Question 13

culture

Answer 13

long standing tradition and rich cultural history, large influence on rest of world

Question 14

demographic

Answer 14

significant percentage of global population attracts skilled migrants

Question 15

resources

Answer 15

able to access all important resources including energy

Question 16

3 sections of British empire

Answer 16

• Mercantilist 1600-1850
• Imperialist 1850-1945
• decolonisation 1945-present

Question 17

Mercantilist 1600-1850

Answer 17

• british navy most powerful
• global trade by boat - dependancy model
• manufactured for money

Question 18

Imperialist 1850-1945

Answer 18

• britain became first superpower
• 400 million people added to empire
• industrial wealth

Question 19

decolonisation 1945-present

Answer 19

• ww2 changed world attitudes
• rise of usa - move to bipolar
• demand for independance
• wish to avoid wars
• decline in britsh power

Question 20

hard power

Answer 20

• military force or threat eg usa allies during iraq war 2003-2011
• economic force - sanctions, trade restrictions, travel bans eg russia and ukraine

Question 21

soft power

Answer 21

• power through attractive policies or ideologies - cultural values
• international relations - globalisation has lead to soft power growing in importance

Question 22

UKs soft power

Answer 22

history: british legal systems, education, commonwealth

culture: language, BBC, 2012 olympics

diplomacy: strong embassies, sanctions

Question 23

US hard power

Answer 23

military: confronting the taliban, iraq war 2003, counterterrorism

economic: dominates global trade, leads to high value industries

Question 24

Halford Mackindeer’s Heartland theory

Answer 24

controlling strategic land is crutial for influence and europe is the heartland

Question 25

unipolar world - british empire

Answer 25

one superpower dominates the world. Mixture of hard and soft power. relatively stable but unequal

Question 26

bipolar - cold war era

Answer 26

USA vs USSR had different ideologies of comunism vs capitalism. potential for major world war, unstable

Question 27

multipolar world - emerging powers influence different regions

Answer 27

multi superpowers and emerging powers, unstable

Question 28

direct control - colonialism

Answer 28

- one country takes control of another country by force - how the british empire was formed which covered 25% of the world - acculturation of language and christianity

Question 29

indirect control - neocolonialism

Answer 29

- use of economic, political and cultural power to gain and maintain indirect control over developing powers - post-colonial era after second world war

Question 30

Why is the Heartland theory important?

Answer 30

Russia might be trying to rebuild empire by taking over european countries like ukraine (china belt and road)

Question 31

Why is the Heartland theory not important?

Answer 31

technology advancing leading to air travel and missile tech

Question 32

mcdonalds globalisation

Answer 32

- The fillet-o shrimp - rice burger

Question 33

american sports accessible via media

Answer 33

- american football - basketball - baseball

Question 34

british empire legacies

Answer 34

- the english language - high tea - cricket - gin and tonic

Question 35

cultural imperialism

Answer 35

refers to either an enforced spread of culture by a larger power or the voluntary adoption of a foreign culture by other people

Question 36

digital colonisation

Answer 36

expanding global economy has lead to global culture, spread by IT

Question 37

data grab theory

Answer 37

coloniaism taken new form, data is the new oil, TNCs use data to make money for example TikTok chinese

Question 38

Brand value - 4 largest

Answer 38

- amazon - google - microsoft - apple

Question 39

news coorporation - media hegemony

Answer 39

- owned by Rupert Murdock - since 1979, the Sun was most influential paper around electronics - christian

Question 40

the BRIC and MINT groups

Answer 40

- combined population exceeds 3 billion - a nation with an economy rhat is progressingly towards developed status - high anual growth rate measured across GDP

Question 41

BRIC (2001, brazil, russia, india, china)

Answer 41

- large populations eg over a billion each - large pop of young adults - GDP growth around 10% per anuam - global cultural/political influence

Question 42

S in BRICS added in 2011 for South Africa

Answer 42

- annual summits held since 2009 - china felt there should be an African representative - 2013 foundation of BRICS development bank

Question 43

MINT (2014, mexico, indonesia, nigeria, turkey)

Answer 43

- nigeria is oil exporter - mexico belongs to NAFTA and OECD (igos) - indonesia is manufacturing center from global shift - turkey is geopolitically is a 'bridge' between east and west

Question 44

contraversial countries

Answer 44

- china is not a democracy - nigeria and indonesia struggle with state corruption - C,N,R have poor human rights records

Question 45

future for BRIC nations

Answer 45

high growth: china growing by 7% per anuam, many escapign poverty medium growth: russia damaged relationship with Europe, china provides russia with oil market Low growth: indian growth slowed down, 600 million still in poverty

Question 46

brazil strenghts

Answer 46

- large supply of oil and biofuels - growing middle class consumer market - agricultural and mineral heavyweight

Question 47

brazil weaknesses

Answer 47

- small military only capable of being involved in regional afairs - high levels of domestic inequality - forests threatened bby illegal deforestation