Sovereignty
the authority of a state to govern itself (power)
nation state
a state in which a great majority shares the same culture. - cultural boundaries match up with political boundaries.
globalisation
he increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services, diffusion of technology and capital across borders. Also shown through culture, lifestyles and global processes such as climate change.
economic system
An organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and apportions goods and services in the national community.
migration patterns 1990-1995
latin America –> North America 3.4 million
Africa to Africa 7.5 million
migration patterns 1995-2000
North America to Europe 50000
Europe to North America 800000
migration patterns 2000-2005
Africa to Europe 1.8 million
Europe to Europe 2.7 million
migration patterns 2005-2010
South Asia to West Asia 4.5 million
North America to Europe 1.2 million
Australia’s migration policiy
Skills based
Migrants tend to be younger (88% under 40)
How many syrians have been displaced?
12 million
The EU Schengen agreement
- abolished any international border controls
- passport free migration across EU
- critisized as it could give easy access to cheaper labour and allowing terrorists
High number of Irish immigrants since when?
1800
The windrush generation
- Brixton (carribean ethnic enclave)
- 1948-1970
- set up own ‘economy’
- safety in numbers
- racial descrimination
- social cohesion
…..
2004 post accession Polish migrants
- increase of temporary Polish migrants in 2004 was around 580000
- EU opened labour market
- Communism collapsed and high employment rates rose
- Polish people were frustrated
- Widely spread across UK
……
1945-1961 - post war commonwealth immigration
- Punjabi’s served in British army
- manufacturing textile jobs
- after immigration act in 1962, most south Asian workers decide to settle in the UK
neoclassical economic theory
the most significant push/pullfactors are wage differences, causing migration flows from low-wage to high wage areas eg Poland and China
Dual labour market theory
pull factors in developed countries bring migrant workers to fill the lowest- skilled jobs because the home population does not wish to do this work eg Eastern Europe to the UK
The new economies of labour migration
more complex than push/pull at an individual level as source countries improve their living conditions through remittances eg Indian migrants to Quatar
Relative deprivation theory
Successful migrants serve as examples of others and encourage further movement (education, income, etc) eg WIndrush generation
World systems theory (wallerstein)
the world economy is divided into core, semi-peripheral and periphery area. Even after decolonisation former colonies, remain economically dependant on ‘superpowers’ eg French colonies to France
a further cause of migration is?
displacement
Depopulation in Burnley due to?
poor life satisfaction
Milton keynes
hotspot for business and job growth (£13900m GVA)
Anna - 2015 From Poland
Reasons for migrants coming to Leicester
for University. Able to learn about different cultures in Leicester. Loves being able to do so many things and seeing many different people. Made friends and enjoys her time there.
Neoclassical economic theory
