nation states
people with a common identity live inside a country with firm borders and a single government eg Hawaii and other US states
Iceland
homogenous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%
singapore
Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%
Qatar
Arab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistan 18%, Iranian 10%
What shows that Iceland has a strong national identity?
Approved baby names list eg Anna is on the list
Does singapore have a strong national identity?
The government tried to create one based on Asian values but it didnt work
Borders can be created because of 2 things?
- natural borders
- Colonial history and political intervention
Natural borders
- rivers eg Niagra between canada and usa
- lakes eg Lake Tanganyika
- mountains eg peyrenees between France and spain
- Island
Colonial history and political intervention creating borders
- eg 14 countries met at the berlin conference in 1884
- 50 countries divided by geometric boundaries as well as being turned into colonies (Scramble for Africa)
The scramble for Africa
- colonisation motivated by Africa’s resources
- Europeans imposed the culture on African people
- Britain colonised the largest section of Africa
- slave labour took over 5 million lives
Jammu and Kashmir
border disputes
- former british empire
- heavily militarised line along India and Pakistan
Crimea, Ukraine
border disputes
- Russia has invaded Ukraine to take land that they see as theirs
- 5 countries support russia
East sea, China
border disputes
Japan vs China for an island
Western Sahara
border disputes
- former spanish colony
- Morocco (spanish land) still owns 100,000 square feet
- developed series of walls known as the ‘berm’
Golan heights, Gaza strip, West bank
border disputes
Palestinian group invading Gaza and trying to destroy the military and government
nationalism
idea or movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation, with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nations sovereignty over its homeland
The white mans burden by Rudyard Kipling
- represents attitudes to the world
- poem that promotes racial superiority
Desmond Tutu
‘When missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land’
There are 2 different ways towards independance……
- the constitutional path (political)
- the Path of Armed Struggle (war)
What was one of the main causes of WW1?
nationalism eg Naziism
decolonisation
- no empires have emerged to replace the ones that fell
- post-war decolonisation to avoid germany spreading power
- Ghandi used non-violent rpotests to make change for the modern world
Harold McMillan
- UK priminister
- speech in Cape Town in 1960 where 17 African countries achieved independance
- ‘The wind of change is blowing through this continent’
tax havens
a country that offers foreign individuals and businesses a minimal tax liability in a politically and economically stable environment, with little or no financial information shared with foreign tax authorities
Washington consensus
capitalist belief that free trade has the most benefits
