Globalisation EQ2

Question 1

What is global shift?

Answer 1

The international relocation of different types of industrial activity (especially manufacturing) from Europe/North America to Asia/South America/Africa

Question 2

What are economic impacts of global shift in China?

Answer 2

-Rising wages causes less poverty (88% in 1981 to 0.7% in 2018)
-Growth of the middle class so people work in manufacturing/service industries and earn 10-100$ per day
-People can afford phones, fridges, cars

Question 3

What are economic impacts of global shift in India?

Answer 3

-Good middle class wages
-Increased profit for TNCs
-The gap between rich and poor has widened (many billionaires but 86.8 million in poverty)

Question 4

What are social impacts of global shift in Ivory Coast?

Answer 4

-Health impacts (eg. toxic waste dumped by Trafigura, European TNC)

Question 5

What are social impacts of global shift in India?

Answer 5

-Potential exploitation of workers
-Highly repetitive work and irregular nighttime hours (eg. call centres)
-Literacy issues
-Slums in Mumbai proposed to be replaced with high-rise buildings

Question 6

What are social impacts of global shift in China?

Answer 6

-Improved education- 2900 universities
-Wintek workers poisoned by chemicals used to heat glass for touchscreen in iPhones
-Loss of recreational areas + older neighbourhoods as more high-rise developments

Question 7

What are the environmental impacts of global shift in Togo/Nigeria?

Answer 7

-Rapid deforestation (due to TNCs, urbanisation and logging)- 60% of all forest in Togo lost
-Forests in Nigeria have halved in size
-Productive crop land ruined by over exploitation

Question 8

What are the environmental impacts of global shift on Indonesia?

Answer 8

Deforestation by 13 million hectares for palm oil plantations
Huge fires which lead to loss of biodiversity and health impacts
(Indonesia’s government is slow and corrupt)

Question 9

What are environmental impacts of global shift in Linfen and Beijing, China?

Answer 9

-Bad air pollution due to many factories and getting worse due to development
-Water and air poisoned
-Breathing the air in Linfen for a day is equivalent to smoking 3 packs of cigarettes
-Air pollution can kill more the 250,000 people in Beijing

Question 10

What does the Clark-Fisher model show?

Answer 10

The trends of different sectors of employment over different periods of development
eg. tertiary increases over time, secondary peaks in industrial period, primary highest in pre-industrial

Question 11

What are the economic impacts of deindustrialisation in Detroit?

Answer 11

High unemployment due to Ford and other automobile industries disappearing
-2019- unemployment was 8%

Question 12

What are the social impacts of industrialisation in Detroit?

Answer 12

-Increased crime rate- rising gun/murder rates and more drug-related crime
-Depopulation from 2 million to 800000 with people moving away as they can’t live there
-Catastrophic collapse in house prices

Question 13

What are the environmental impacts of global shift in deindustrialised areas eg. Detroit?

Answer 13

-Derelict and abandoned buildings broken down making brownfield sites
-Puts off investors from setting businesses up

Question 14

What are impacts of deindustrialisation in Coventry?

Answer 14

The government stopped subsidising the car industry eg. Rolls Royce so 10000s jobs lost and businesses closed
-Polluted land and waterways
-Less money leading to worse quality of life and depopulation

Question 15

What are positive impacts of global shift on deindustrialised regions?

Answer 15

-Less air pollution from manufacturing
-Switch to focus on tertiary or quarternary jobs so higher pay
-Regeneration eg. Canary Wharf
-Supply of relatively cheap goods abroad

Question 16

Why are limits imposed on some goods?

Answer 16

-Shipping problems eg. Suez Canal
-COVID-19- excess money led to people buying more goods
-Labour Shortages (linked to migration limits)
-Politics
-‘Just in time’- firms only order goods when needed so increased pressure and strain on businesses

Question 17

How do urban areas grow?

Answer 17

Due to natural increase and inward migration

Question 18

What are causes for rural-urban migration?

Answer 18

Pull factors eg. jobs opportunities
Push factors eg. poverty, land reforms, resource scarcity
‘Shrinking world’- people in rural areas gain knowledge of the outside world through phones, TV etc. and improved transport links

Question 19

What is a challenge that Lagos, Nigeria faces?

Answer 19

Slums, with 60% people living in them, no reliable access to clean water, and waste disposal and transport infrastructure are large problems

Question 20

What makes a mega city sustainable?

Answer 20

-Good urban governance
-Taxes are collected and invested in city
-Resources provided to the population, with minimal environmental impact
-The population’s needs are met

Question 21

What are environmental challenges in global cities?

Answer 21

-Water pollution
-Air pollution
-Smog
-High intensity rainfall + flooding

Question 22

What are social challenges in global cities?

Answer 22

-Provision of adequate housing, healthcare and education
-Rapid migration
-Growth of extremists political movements

Question 23

What is interdependence?

Answer 23

When two places become over reliant on each other

Question 24

Global hub

Answer 24

A highly globally connected city or region

Question 25

Culture

Answer 25

The way of life (values, customs, beliefs) of a particular group of people

Question 26

5 main cultural traits

Answer 26

Language Food Clothing Religion Traditions

Question 27

Cultural diffusion

Answer 27

The spread of one culture to another by various means

Question 28

Americanisation

Answer 28

The influence of USA and its culture on other places

Question 29

Westernisation

Answer 29

The adoption of the values/ way of life of European/North American countries

Question 30

Why are Chinese TNCs growing in size?

Answer 30

Growth of the middle class Ability to now trade with others and extend global reach

Question 31

How TNCs influence global culture

Answer 31

Global dispersion of food, clothes and other goods

Question 32

How TNCs don’t influence global culture

Answer 32

TNCs adapt their products through glocalisation

Question 33

How global media influence global culture

Answer 33

Western holidays predominant in films and companies like Disney spread their values globally in films

Question 34

How global media doesn’t influence global culture

Answer 34

-Media only provides a narrow window on culture -Many shows refilmed for entirely different markets -Many non-Western shows affect global culture eg. Pokemon -News outlets spread Western view on World events

Question 35

How migration and tourism influence global culture

Answer 35

-Migrants spread ideas and customs -Tourists meet people of different cultures

Question 36

Globish

Answer 36

A simplified version of English with 1500 words created due to the prevalence of English online/in business

Question 37

Changing diets affecting cultural erosion

Answer 37

Spread of Western diets eg. high fat, fast food into other countries

Question 38

Environmental impacts of changing diets

Answer 38

-Increased food miles so more CO2 emission and so air pollution -More one time use packaging used due to more fast food

Question 39

Changing clothing affecting cultural erosion

Answer 39

-Fashion trends spread culture of TNCs -However, not changing where religion is strong eg Islamic countries

Question 40

Spread of culture on disadvantaged people

Answer 40

-Promotes campaigns eg #saynotoracism -Global media turned the Paralympic Games into a global sporting event

Question 41

Cultural erosion

Answer 41

The change (or potentially disappearance) of a culture due to the spread of another culture

Question 42

Hyperglobalisation

Answer 42

The idea that a largely Westernised global culture is emerging as a result of cultural erosion

Question 43

How are indigenous people impacted by globalisation?

Answer 43

-More aware of Western lifestyles and culture -Adopted T Shirts -Some migrated from rainforest to urban areas -Leave behind traditional thatched homes

Question 44

Why have global attitudes to the Paralympics changed?

Answer 44

Global media helped bring attention to the Games, and athletes physical achievements Once didn’t have equal rights eg. sterilisation programmes in the USA

Question 45

Briefly way France, China and Nigeria have tried to prevent cultural erosion

Answer 45

France- French TV monitored and French films promoted China- ‘Great Firewall of China’ Nigeria- banned Shell and Exxon Mobil from accessing Niger Delta after 1995 oil spills