Migration EQ3

Question 1

Global governance

Answer 1

The broader notions of steering or piloting rather than the direction form of control

(steering of rules, norms, codes and regulations used to regulate human activity at an international level)

Question 2

Role of the UN

Answer 2

Aims to secure world peace and enhance international cooperation between states

Question 3

Examples of global conventions the UN has established

Answer 3

-The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (defines global human rights)

-Millennium Development Goals (2000)

Question 4

How does the UN support human rights?

Answer 4

-War Crimes Trials
-Healthcare and shelter for refugees
-Sanctions
-UN troops

Question 5

How does healthcare and shelter for refugees by the UN support human rights?

Answer 5

-Can protect vulnerable people from human rights abuses
-UNHCR and WHO create camps for internally displaced people

Question 6

Unilateral intervention

Answer 6

Military intervention undertaken by a state outside of the umbrella of the UN

Question 7

SAPs (Structural Adjustment Programmes)

Answer 7

-mid 1980s
-provided lending with strict conditions and concessions attached (eg privatising government services, withdrawing state support)

Question 8

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPCs)

Answer 8

-Intervention by the IMF and World Bank, created in 1996
-aimed to reduce national debts by partially writing them off

Question 9

Conditions of HIPCs

Answer 9

National governments had to spend the savings gained through cancelled debt repayments on poverty reduction programmes

Question 10

Montreal Protocol

Answer 10

-signed in 1987
-protecting the ozone layer, by phasing out substances like CFCs that caused depletion

Question 11

CITES

Answer 11

-introduced in 1875, adopted by 191 countries
-protecting endangered species by regulating and banning the international trade of threatened wildlife and plants

Question 12

UN Climate Agreements

Answer 12

Combatting climate change by setting targets for countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Question 13

Global common

Answer 13

Global resources so large in scale they lie outside the political reach of any state

Question 14

UNCLOS

Answer 14

Manage the oceans by protecting marine biodiversity, regulating global shipping flows, giving rights to landlocked states and exclusive economic zones

Question 15

Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)

Answer 15

Area of water 200 miles from a state’s shoreline which the state has sovereignty over

Question 16

Why do IGOs seek to protect the environment?

Answer 16

To promote and maintain the continuing function of Earth’s atmosphere and the services ecosystems provide

Question 17

Antarctica Treaty System

Answer 17

Treaty on global commons of the Antarctic, nobody owns it and every state is entitled to use it for scientific research

Question 18

Increasing pressures on Antarctica

Answer 18

-Tourism
-Rise in emerging nations eg. China
-Resource demand
-Political governance