Migration EQ2

Question 1

State

Answer 1

A territory over which no other country holds power or sovereignty, UN recognises 196 states

Question 2

Nation

Answer 2

A territorialised group of people who may lack sovereignty eg. Scotland and Wales

Question 3

Dependent territories/dependencies

Answer 3

Have autonomy for many aspects of governance but lack full sovereignty

Question 4

3 main ways borders are created

Answer 4

1) Natural borders
2) Historical borders
3) Political/colonial borders

Question 5

Natural (physical) borders

Answer 5

Physical geographical features that create natural obstacles to movements of people eg rivers, mountains, seas, lakes

Question 6

Scramble for Africa

Answer 6

1884/5- 14 countries met at a conference in Berlin and divided Africa into 50 countries through geometric boundaries, and turned into colonies by the European powers

Question 7

Problems with political/colonial borders

Answer 7

They did not take into account any tribal or linguistic boundaries, leading to ethnic conflict in some countries eg. Rwanda

Question 8

Contested borders

Answer 8

Conflict or geopolitical strife that occurs when a boundary dissects an ethnic group’s homeland

Question 9

Nationalism

Answer 9

The belief that the interests of a nation are more important than those of another nation

Question 10

Reasons for empires losing territories

Answer 10

-post war bankruptcy
-countries less dependent on colonies for raw materials
-resistance to colonial rule in colonies
-growing concern in injustice of colonial rule by young Europeans

Question 11

Neocolonialism

Answer 11

The indirect actions by which developed countries exercise control over developing countries

Question 12

‘Wind of change’

Answer 12

The 1960s, when most countries in Africa gained post-colonial independence

Question 13

Post-colonial conflict

Answer 13

Decolonisation rapidly caused and left a power vacuum in a former colony

Question 14

Tax havens

Answer 14

A country/territory with a nil or low rate of corporation tax eg Bermuda

Question 15

How are low tax states created?

Answer 15

Globalisation has led to deregulation and privatisation, allowing capital to be transferred freely and ownership to be shifted towards TNCs

Question 16

TNC opinion on Tax Havens

Answer 16

Attracted as they pay lower taxes, however can damage brand/reputation if people don’t think they have integrity/corporate responsibility

Question 17

IGO opinion on tax havens

Answer 17

More accepting of tax havens and tax avoidance due to the economic boost and growth they deliver

Question 18

NGO opinion on tax havens

Answer 18

Resisted deregulation and globalisation and have attempted to retain/regain control

Question 19

National governments on tax havens

Answer 19

Governments seek investments from TNCs to generate employment and wealth, so set their own tax rates to attract them

Question 20

Positives of tax havens

Answer 20

-Huge tax advantages to companies and wealthy people

-Allows income to be earned in states where the only other alternative is seasonal tourism

Question 21

Negatives of tax havens

Answer 21

-some associated with political/economic instability and corruption

-low public perception that can ruin a brand’s reputation

-likely a less secured place to store money over the national government

-reduces money for governments to spend on health, education l