Massage Therapy! > glutes > Flashcards

glutes Flashcards

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1
Q

where is the gluteal region

A

post to pelvic girdle

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2
Q

what are the 2 groups of muscles in the gluteal region

A
  • superficial abductors and extenders : gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae
  • deep lateral rotators: smaller muscles that laterally rotate femur: quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemmellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus
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3
Q

what are the superficial glute muscles

A
  • gluteus medius, maximus and minimus
  • tensor fasciae latae
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4
Q

what is the innervation for the superficial gluteal muscles

A

glute max – inferior gluteal
glut med, min, and TFL – sup gluteal

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5
Q

what action do the superior glute muscles do

A

glute max – hip extension and lateral rotation
glute med, min, TFL – abduction, med rotation

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6
Q

what are the deep muscles of the glute

A
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus and externus
  • gemellus inferior and superior
    PGOGOQ
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7
Q

what is the action of the deeper glute muscles

A
  • laterally rotate lower limb
  • abduction
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8
Q

where do the deep muscle of glute mainly attach

A

greater trochanter of femur

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9
Q

what is one of the most important landmarks in teh gluteal region

A
  • piriformis
  • divides gluteal into superior and inferior parts
    (sup and inf gluteal nerve)
  • used to locate sciatic nerve (enters directly inf to piriformis
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10
Q

what is piriformis syndrome

A
  • common neuromuscular condition where piriformis compresses or irritates sciatic nerve
  • muscle that runs from sacrum to outer surface of femur
  • when it becomes tight inflamed or spasms it leads to compression of nearby sciatic nerve
  • mimics sciatica
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11
Q

what causes piriformis syndrome

A
  • piriformis muscle tightness
  • anatomical variations
  • injury or trauma
  • muscle imbalances
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12
Q

signs of piriformis syndrome

A
  • pain in bumb (deep and aching, radiating down back of leg)
  • numbness and tingling along path of sciatic
  • muscle weakness
  • reduced ROM
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13
Q

tx for piriformis syndrome

A
  • rest and activity modificaiton
  • pt
  • heat and cold therapy
  • meds
  • injections
  • surgery
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14
Q

massage and piriformis syndrome

A

risks
- pain aggravation w deep massage
- inflammation
- bruising
- underlying conditions (herniated disc or spinal stenosis_

benefits
- pain relief
- improved blood circulation
- relaxation and stress reduction
- enhanced ROM

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15
Q

what is pseudo sciatica

A
  • false sciatica
  • has same symptoms but different underlying cause
  • true sciatic: irritation/compresssion of sciatic in lower back/down legs
    pseudo: various conditions not sciatic nerve (bludging disc, inflammed joint, muscle spasm
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16
Q

what causes pseudo sciatica

A
  • piriformis syndrome
  • hip joint issues
  • sacroiliac joint dysfunction
  • lumbar facet joint irritation
  • muscle imbalances
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17
Q

signs of pseudo sciatica

A
  • leg pain
  • numbness/tingling
  • limited ROM
  • muscle weakness
  • pain w movement
  • burning/shooting pain
  • bum pain
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18
Q

massage and pseudo sciatica

A

risks
- misdiagnosis
- aggravation of symptom
- inflammation
- bruising and tissue damage
- pressure sensitivity

benefits
- pain relief
- improved circulation
- muscle relaxation
- stress reduction
- enhanced ROM

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19
Q

what is a pulled glute

A
  • gluteal strain or gluteal muscle strain
  • 1+ muscles of glute are stretched or torn
  • from overstretching or overexertion
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20
Q

what causes pulled glutes

A
  • sudden movements : sprinting, jumping , changes in direction
  • overuse
  • inadequate warmup
  • muscle imbalances
  • previous injuries
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21
Q

signs of pulled glute

A
  • pain
  • tenderness
  • swelling
  • bruising
  • weakness
  • limited ROM
  • muscle spasms
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22
Q

tx for pulled glute

A
  • rest
  • ice 15-20 mins every few hrs
  • compression
  • elevation
  • pain meds
  • pt
  • heat therapy
  • rehabilitation
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23
Q

massage for pulled glutes

A

risks
- aggravation of symptom
- bruising and tissue damage
- inflammation
- pressure sensitvity
- misdiagnosis

benefits
- pain relief
- improved blood circulation
- muscle relaxation
- stress reduction
- enhanced ROM

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24
Q

what is a glute tear

A
  • injury in glute muscles where htey are torn or damaged
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25
what causes a glute tear
- sudden movements - overuse - inadequate warmup - muscle imbalance s - previous injuries
26
sings of glute tear
- pain - tenderness - swelling - bruising - weakness - limited ROM - muscles spasms
27
massage and glute tears
risks - aggravation of symptoms - bruising and tissue damage - inflammation - pressure sensitivity - misdiagnosis benefits - pain relief - improved blood circulation - muscle relaxation - stress reduciton - enhanced ROM
28
what is a glute strain
- one or more glute muscle is stretched, partial or complete tear in muscle fibers
29
what is a muscle strain
- pulled muscle - when muscle fibers tear or oversress (sudden/excessive forece, impo
30
what causes muscle strains
- sudder ooverexertion - muscl fatigue - inadequate warmup - inadequate flexibility - preivous enjuries
31
signs of muscles strain
- pain - swelling - bruising - muscle weakness - limited ROM - muscle spasms
32
massage and muscle strains
risks - severity of injury - timign: not within first 48-72 hrs , pressure, contraindications: open wounds, sever brusing, infectionsl or underlying med conditions benefits - pain reduction - imptoved circulation - reduced muscle tension - enhanced ROM - scartussue -stress reduction
33
what are shin splints
- medial tibial stress syndrome - pain along front and inner parts of shinbone (tibia) - occurs during athletics: reunning, dancing, military
34
what causes shine splints
- overuse - inadequate footwear - biomechanical foootwear - trainin errors - hard surfaces
35
signs of shin splints
- pain - tenderness - pain during activity - swelling - muscle tightness - pain at rest
36
shin splints and massage
risks - pain sensitivity - inflammation - tissue damage - contraindications: open wounds, infections, incrculaory benefits - pain reduction - improved circulation - muscle relaxation - stress reduction - scar tisssue management - increased range of motion
37
what are muscle cramps
- charley horses or muscle spasms - involuntary contractions of 1+ muscles - intense and painful - cause visible bulge or knot in affected muscle - resolve on their own
38
what causes leg muscle cramps
- muscle fatigue - dehydration - poor circulation - muscle overuse - nerve irritation - mineral deficiencies
39
what are signs of muscle cramps
- sudden pain - visible muscle contraction - limited ROM - duration from few seconds -few minutes -muscle soreness - recurrence
40
tx for muscle cramps
- stretching for 30 secs or until subsides - massage - heat and cold - hydration - eat foods rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium to balance elctrolytes - compression garments - footwear - pt
41
massage and muscle cramps
risks - pain sensitivity - tissue damage no aggressive - inflammation - contraindications: open wounds, infections, circulatory issues benefits -pain reduction - muscle relaxation - improved circulation - stress reduction - scar tissue management - increased ROM
42
what is deep vein thrombosis
med condition where bloo clots form in deep veins - normally in larger veins of calf thigh or pelvis - obstruct blood flow in affected vein (clot can dislodge and go to lungs)
43
what causes DVT
- venosus stassis: reduced blod flow in veins caused by immobility - hypercoagulability : increased tendency for blood to clot (genetic, meds, cancer) - endothelial injury: damage to inner lining of veins
44
signs of DVT
- leg pain - swelling - redness/warmth - visible dilated veins - unexplained cough or shortness of breathign (if travels to lungs -- pulmonary embolism) - cyanosis: bluish discoloration of limbs
45
tx for DVT
- anticoagulation meds - compression therapy - elevation - thrombolytic therapy - ven cava filter - surgery
46
massage and DVT
risks - embolism risk (dislodgement of blood clot) - bleeding risk - skin integrity - pain and discomfort CONTRAINDICATION benefits - stress reduction - improved circulation w gentle effleurage strokes around - pain managment - scar tissue management WORK W EXTREME CAUTION
47
what are varicose veins
- enlarged twisted and bulging veins in legs and feet - brightly colored beneath surface - valves in veins that prevent backflow become weaken or damaged - blood pools in veins and causes them to stretch and swell
48
what causes varicose veins
- heredity - pregnancy - age - obesity - prolonged standing or sitting
49
sings of varicose veins
- visible veins - aching or heaviness - swelling - pain - itchign - skin changes - bleeding
50
tx for varicose veins
- lifestyle modifications: regular exercise - compression stockings - sclerotherapy - endovenous ablation - surgery - endoscopic vein surgery - laser therapy - phlebectomy - foam sclerotherapy
51
massage and varicose veins
risks - increased blood flow to compromised veins - dislodgement of blood clots - bruising and skin damage - pain - contraindications benefits - pain management - improved circulation - relxation
52
what is plantar fasciitis
- common foot characterized by inflammation and irritation of plantar fascia (thick band of tissue that runs along bottom of foot) - role in supporting arch of foot and absorbing shock during walking/running
53
what causes plantar fasciitis
- overuse - foot mechanics (flat feet, high arches, tight calves) - obesity - improper footwear - sudden changes in activity
54
signs of plantar fasciitis
- heel pain - pain in morning after periods of rest - pain w activity - stiffness - swelling in heel area - tenderness
55
what is the tx for plantar fasciitis
- rest - ice - stretching - orthotic - footwear - anti inflammatory meds - pt - night splints - injections - ESWT
56
massage and plantar fasciitis
risks - pain sensitivity - inflammation - contraindications - individual variability benefits - pain reduction - muscle relaxation - improved circulation - stress reduction - increased ROM
57
what are leg fractures
- a break or crack in one or more bones that make up the leg
58
types of bone fractures
- greenstick - transverse - comminuted - spiral - compound
59
what causes leg fractures
- trauma - overuse or stress - osteoporosis - pathological conditions
60
signs of leg fractures
- pain - swelling - deformity - inability to bear weight - tenderness - limited ROM - crepitus - numbness and tingling
61
massage and leg fractures
risks - risk of further injury - pain discomfort - contraindications - med clearance benefits - pain management - stress reduction - circulation improvement - muscle relaxation
62
what is petellofemoral pain syndrome
- runners knee - common orthopedic condition characterized by pain around front of knee (centered on patella) - anyone who does things surrounded w repetitive knee motion
63
what causes parellofemoral pain syndrome
- overuse - muscle imbalances - biomechanical factors - trauma
64
sings of patellofemoral pain syndrome
- anterior knee pain - pain w movement - crepitus - swelling - stiffness - weakness - pain w sitting
65
tx for patellofemoral pain syndrome
- rest and activity - pt - orthotic - bracing or taping - ice - patellar tracking - injection
66
massage and patellofemoral pain syndrome
risks - pain sensitivity - contraindications - med clearance - communication benefits - pain reduction - muscle relaxation - stress reduction - improved ROM
67
what is a meniscus tear
- injury to one or both menisci in knee joint -meniscus: c shpaed pieces of cartilage that act as shock absorbers and stabilizers between femur and tibia - distribute weight evently and assist in maintaining joint stability
68
what causes meniscus tears
- trauma - degeneration - age related changes - biomechanical factors
69
signs of meniscus tear
- knee pain - swelling - stiffness - clicking/popping - limited ROM - locking/catching - instability - tenderness
70
tx for meniscus tear
- rest and immobilization - pt - meds - icing - arthroscopic surgery - injections - RICE
71
massage and meniscus tear
risks - pain sensitivity - contraindications - med clearance - comunication benefits - pain management - muscle relaxation - stress reduction - improved ROM
72
what is patellar tendinitis
- jumpers knee - inflammation and irritation of patellar tendon - thick strong band of tissue that connects kneecap to shinbone - result of repetitive strain on patellar tendon from activiites that involve jumping and sudden forceful movements
73
what causes patellar tendinitis
- overuse - biomechanical factors - training errors - age related
74
signs of patellar tendinitis
- ant knee pain - stiffness - swelling - pian w activity - - tightness - painful kneeling - weakness
75
tx for patellar tendinitis
- rest and activity modification - pt - orthotic devices - icing - bracing - ant inflammatory meds - activity mod - eccentric exercise
76
massage and patellar tendinitis
risks - pain sensitivity - contraindications - med clearance - communication benefits - pain management - muscle relaxation - stress reduction - improved ROM
77
what is prepatellar bursitis
- housemaids knee -inflammation and swelling of prepatellar bursa - small fluid filled sac in front of patella and eneath skin - reduces patella and surrounding tissues (faciliating smooth knee movement) - when its inflamed --- leads to pain swelling and discomfort
78
what causes prepatellar bursitis
- repetitive kneeling - direct trauma - infection
79
signs of prepatellar bursitis
- swelling - pain - redness/warmth - limited ROM - tenderness - pain w kneeling
80
massage and prepatallar bursitis
risks - pain sensitivity - contraindications - med clearance - communication benefits - pain management - muscle relaxation - stress reduction - improved ROM
81
what is gout
- form of inflammatory arthritis w sudden/severe attacks of pain redness and swelling in one + joints - affects joints at base of big toe and also other joints - accumulation of uric acid crystals in joint - leads to inflammation and intense pain
82
what causes gout
- diet : foods high in purines that increase uric acid levels - genetics - obesity - med conditions
83
signs of gout
- sudden joint pain - joint swelling - limited ROM - warmth and redness - tophi formation - fever - recurrent attacks
84
massage and gout
risks - pain sensitivity - contrainidcation - med clearance - communication benefits - pain management - muscle relaxation - stress reduction
85
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