Infectious

Question 1

Key risk factors for Spontaneous Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) - moderate vs high?

Answer 1

Moderate: Rheumatic heart disease, MVP with MR, HOCM.
High: Prosthetic valves/shunts, complex cyanotic CHD, previous SBE.

Question 2

Classic signs of Spontaneous Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)?

Answer 2

Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions, Roth spots, splinter hemorrhages, new murmur.

Question 3

Common organisms causing Spontaneous Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)?

Answer 3

Strep viridans, Enterococcus, Staph.

Question 4

Empiric treatment for Spontaneous Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)?

Answer 4

Vancomycin IV + Gentamycin (± Rifampin if prosthetic).

Question 5

Dental prophylaxis for Spontaneous Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)?

Answer 5

Amoxicillin 2 g PO once before; if allergic → Clinda 600 mg PO or Azithro/Clarithro 500 mg PO.

Question 6

Vaccination boosters for a Nigerian-born patient traveling to Nigeria?

Answer 6

Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio, MMR.

Question 7

Additional vaccines for a Nigerian-born patient traveling to Nigeria?

Answer 7

Typhoid, Hep A, Hep B, Yellow fever.

Question 8

Non-pharmacological malaria prevention methods?

Answer 8

Bed nets, DEET repellant, long sleeves.

Question 9

Chemoprophylaxis options for malaria?

Answer 9

Malarone (start 1d before, continue 7d after).
Chloroquine (1w before, 4w after).
Mefloquine (2–3w before, 4w after).

Question 10

Malaria prevention in pregnancy?

Answer 10

Avoid travel; if necessary, mefloquine in 2nd/3rd trimester.

Question 11

Malaria prevention for children?

Answer 11

All except doxycycline (<8y contraindicated).