Ortho

Question 1

What is a common mechanism for a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 1

FOOSH; snuffbox tenderness, axial thumb load.

Question 2

What imaging findings are associated with a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 2

X-ray can be negative x2; thumb spica and re-xray.

Question 3

What are the casting durations for scaphoid fractures?

Answer 3

Distal (SA 6 w), middle (LA 6 w → SA 2–4 w), proximal (LA 8–12 w).

Question 4

What complications can arise from a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 4

Non-union, AVN; refer if proximal/displaced/angulated.

Question 5

What are the findings for lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 5

Pain with resisted wrist extension/supination; long-finger extension pain.

Question 6

What is the treatment for lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 6

RICE, NSAIDs, brace, stretch/strengthen; steroid injection; casting PRN.

Question 7

What is the mechanism for posterior elbow dislocation in kids?

Answer 7

Fall/twist; obvious deformity.

Question 8

What complications can occur with posterior elbow dislocation?

Answer 8

Ulnar/median nerve; brachial artery.

Question 9

What is the treatment for posterior elbow dislocation?

Answer 9

Reduction with anesthesia; short immobilization then early ROM.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of olecranon bursitis?

Answer 10

Boggy swelling; protect/compress/ice/NSAIDs; aspirate if infected; bursectomy if chronic.

Question 11

What is the treatment for triceps tendinopathy/rupture?

Answer 11

Rest/NSAIDs; partial → splint; complete → surgery.

Question 12

What is the most common ankle sprain?

Answer 12

ATFL (inversion); Ottawa rules for x-ray.

Question 13

What is the treatment for ankle sprains?

Answer 13

RICE, NSAIDs, rehab.

Question 14

What stability test is used for ankle injuries?

Answer 14

Anterior drawer.

Question 15

What should be suspected with talar dome pain?

Answer 15

Osteochondral fx; X-ray (AP/lat/mortise ± stress).

Question 16

What imaging is used for tibial stress fractures?

Answer 16

Cone-down x-ray; bone scan/MRI (CT gold); graded return (10%/wk); air cast if high-risk.

Question 17

What are the red flags for low back pain?

Answer 17

Cancer, age>50, wt loss, fever, night/rest pain, neuro deficits, IVDU, immunocomp, UTI, osteoporosis, bladder dysfunction.

Question 18

What syndromes are associated with low back pain?

Answer 18

Sciatica (disk), cauda equina (saddle anesthesia, retention, bilat deficits), stenosis (neurogenic claudication).

Question 19

What are the neuro levels for low back pain?

Answer 19

L4 (squat/rise, med foot, knee reflex), L5 (dorsiflex big toe, med web), S1 (plantarflex, lat foot, ankle reflex).

Question 20

When should imaging be done for low back pain?

Answer 20

After 4–6 w unless red flags; MRI by 12 w if persistent.

Question 21

What is the treatment for low back pain?

Answer 21

NSAIDs/acetaminophen, short-course muscle relaxant/opioid PRN, PT, early activity.

Question 22

What is the urgent treatment for cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 22

MRI → urgent decompression.

Question 23

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 23

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.

Question 24

What tests are positive for rotator cuff injuries?

Answer 24

Painful arc, drop-arm; imaging MRI if tear suspected.

Question 25

What is the treatment for Achilles tendinopathy?

Answer 25

NSAIDs (GI/renal/TE risks), rest/ice/heel lift; rupture → US; ortho.

Question 26

What is Osgood–Schlatter disease?

Answer 26

Tibial tubercle apophysitis; benign/self-limited; x-ray optional.

Question 27

What are the signs of an ACL tear?

Answer 27

Pivot, pop, immediate swell, cannot WB; Lachman/pivot shift; PT vs surgery; prevention with neuromuscular training.

Question 28

What are the symptoms of patellofemoral pain?

Answer 28

Anterior knee pain, stairs, theater sign; exam tilt/glide/grind; imaging not required.

Question 29

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 29

Paresthesias/weakness; Tinel/Phalen; RF pregnancy/DM/obesity/RA/SLE/hypothyroid; NCV to confirm; splint/activity mods/NSAIDs.

Question 30

What is a Colles’ fracture?

Answer 30

Distal radius (FOOSH); also check scaphoid/ulna.

Question 31

What is the casting protocol for a Colles’ fracture?

Answer 31

Long arm → then short arm; frequent follow-up.

Question 32

What is a red flag for Colles’ fracture?

Answer 32

Pain/numbness → consider compartment syndrome → remove cast.