Neurology

Question 1

BPPV – features & dx?

Answer 1

Brief, seconds–minutes; Dix–Hallpike positive; Rx = Epley maneuver.

Question 2

Meniere’s – features?

Answer 2

Minutes–hours, tinnitus, hearing loss, aural fullness; Rx = low-salt, thiazide, Serc.

Question 3

Vestibular neuritis?

Answer 3

Post-viral, acute severe vertigo, N/V, imbalance, no hearing loss.

Question 4

Labyrinthitis?

Answer 4

Infection of inner ear → vertigo + hearing loss; Rx = IV antibiotics, ENT drainage.

Question 5

Dangerous causes to rule out in syncope?

Answer 5

Cardiac arrhythmia, aortic stenosis, HOCM, PE, AAA, dissection, SAH, tamponade, GI bleed, CO poisoning.

Question 6

Other common causes of syncope?

Answer 6

Vasovagal, orthostatic, seizure, toxins, hypoglycemia.

Question 7

Parkinson’s diagnostic triad?

Answer 7

Tremor (resting), bradykinesia, rigidity.

Question 8

First-line therapy for Parkinson’s?

Answer 8

Levodopa + Carbidopa.

Question 9

Typical symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 9

Numbness, weakness, optic neuritis, imbalance, bladder dysfunction, fatigue, heat sensitivity.

Question 10

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 10

MRI T2 lesions, CSF oligoclonal bands, evoked potentials.

Question 11

Disease-modifying therapy for Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 11

Interferon-β.

Question 12

Symptom management in Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 12

Baclofen (spasticity), SSRIs (depression), Oxybutynin (bladder), Amantadine (fatigue).