Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Question 2

Francis Galton

Answer 2

English scientist, cousin of Charles Darwin, one of the first to look at intelligence scientifically, influenced by ideas of evolution, claims people do differ in intellect and that intelligence is inherited

Question 3

Alfred Binet

Answer 3

Given the job of determining if children needed special education
focused on what tasks a child could solve compared to the average child of that age
came up with the concept of mental age

Question 4

General intelligence (g)

Answer 4

according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is, therefore, measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Question 5

Savant syndrome

Answer 5

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.

Question 6

Mental age

Answer 6

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.

Question 7

Stanford-Binet

Answer 7

he widely used U.S. revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.

Question 8

Intelligence quotient

Answer 8

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus,
IQ = (𝑚 / 𝑐𝑎) × 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.

Question 9

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Answer 9

the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

Question 10

Deviation IQ

Answer 10

score is determined by the number of items correct relative to the expected (average) number for people of the same age
(actual score/expected score)*100

Question 11

Properties of IQ

Answer 11

not an absolute score, no absolute zero, not a ratio scale, reflects relative performance
Ordinal scale: ranking people from lowest to highest

Question 12

Standardization

Answer 12

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

Question 13

Normal curve

Answer 13

a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. (Also called a normal distribution.)

Question 14

Reliability

Answer 14

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting.

Question 15

Validity

Answer 15

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 16

Predictive validity

Answer 16

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Question 17

Reliability and validity of IQ scores

Answer 17

Scottish data shows a strong, graded positive association between higher childhood intelligence and longer life

Question 18

DO IQ scores predict school and job performance?

Answer 18

there is a pretty high correlation between higher IQ scores meaning better overall school performance on tests and staying in school
IQ scores can be used to predict jojb performance but it is a much lower correlation than for academic measures

Question 19

Spearman’s G

Answer 19

he believed in general intelligence
people who do well on one test, tend to do well on most or all of the tests and vice versa

Question 20

Howard Gardner

Answer 20

Theory of multiple intelligences
Linguistic, logical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal intelligence

Question 21

Williams syndrome

Answer 21

-rare genetic disorder
-leads to mental difficulties in certain areas
-good at language, music, social skills
-poor at number and spatial skills

Question 22

Modern data on the heredity of IQ

Answer 22

-heritability of intelligence is fairly high and there is evidence for both genetic and environmental influences

Question 23

Animal intelligence

Answer 23

there is some evidence of animal intelligence especially in dogs but as humans we made them that way