Therapy

Question 1

Psychopharmacology

Answer 1

the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior.

Question 2

Early psychosurgeries: Trephination, Lobotomies

Answer 2

Trephination: a hole drilled in the patient’s skull, used to release evil spirits, treat epilepsy, migraines, and mental disorders, may have also been used to treat brain injuries
Lobotomy: portion of the frontal lobe is separated from connected areas

Question 3

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 3

a class of medications used to manage symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations, delusions, and confused thinking, and are used to treat conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. They work by affecting dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain.
can reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but do not affect negative symptoms
early side effects incuded Parkinson’s disease like symptoms

Question 4

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 4

increase the availability of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin at synapses
SSRIs target serotonin specifically

Question 5

Lithium for bipolar depression

Answer 5

mineral found in natural sources like rocks, plants etc.
calms the mania and reduces bipolar mood swings

Question 6

Reuptake of neurotransmitters

Answer 6

the process where neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or glial cells after being released into the synaptic cleft to terminate the signal.

Question 7

ECT (electro-convulsive therapy)

Answer 7

patient receives electric shocks that induces brain seizure

Question 8

Psychotherapy

Answer 8

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to address psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Question 9

Free association

Answer 9

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Question 10

Resistance

Answer 10

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of unpleasant or anxiety-laden material.

Question 11

Transference

Answer 11

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

Question 12

Repressed memories

Answer 12

a controversial concept where the mind unconsciously blocks traumatic memories, often as a defense mechanism, and they can resurface later due to triggers like strong emotions or therapy.

Question 13

Behavioral therapy

Answer 13

therapy that uses learning principles to reduce unwanted behaviors and increase desirable behaviors.

Question 14

Cognitive therapy

Answer 14

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Question 15

Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 15

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).

Question 16

Dialectical Behavioral therapy (DBT)

Answer 16

is a type of psychotherapy that teaches skills to manage intense emotions and build a more satisfying life
built on four modules- mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness

Question 17

Mindfulness

Answer 17

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner.

Question 18

Group therapy

Answer 18

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.

Question 19

Flooding

Answer 19

is an intense type of behavioral therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by exposing patients to their worst fears for a prolonged period

Question 20

Exposure therapy

Answer 20

a psychological treatment used to help people confront and overcome fears and anxieties by gradually and safely exposing them to feared objects, situations, or thoughts in a controlled environment.

Question 21

Systematic desensitization

Answer 21

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat specific phobias.

Question 22

Aversive conditioning

Answer 22

associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

Question 23

Placebo effect

Answer 23

experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.

Question 24

meta-analysis

Answer 24

a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion.

Question 25

evidence based practice

Answer 25

in psychology integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and the patient's unique characteristics, values, and preferences.