learning PT2 u3

Question 1

Associative Learning

Answer 1

Learning that certain events occur together; it involves linking two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning).
Ex: A dog learns that the sound of a bell means food is coming, so it starts to salivate when it hears the bell.

Question 2

Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)

Answer 2

A device used in operant conditioning research where an animal can manipulate a lever or key to obtain a reward (like food or water) while responses are recorded.
Ex: A rat presses a lever in a Skinner box to receive a food pellet, demonstrating how rewards shape behavior.

Question 3

Aversive Stimulus

Answer 3

An unpleasant stimulus that an organism seeks to avoid or escape; used in punishment or negative reinforcement.
Ex: A shock given to a rat when it presses a lever, or a scolding after a child misbehaves.

Question 4

Habituation

Answer 4

Decreased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.
ex: You stop noticing the sound of a ticking clock after a while.

Question 5

Classical Conditioning

Answer 5

Learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful one and acquires the ability to elicit a similar response.
ex: Pavlov’s dogs salivating when they hear a bell because they associate it with food.

Question 6

Operant Conditioning

Answer 6

Learning based on the consequences of behavior—reinforcements increase behavior, punishments decrease it.
ex: A student studies hard to get praise or a good grade.