learning u3

Question 1

Observational learning

Answer 1

Learning by watching and imitating the behavior of others (also called modeling).
Ex: After watching your older sibling clean up their toys and get praised by your parents, you start cleaning up your toys to get the same praise.

Question 2

Latent learning

Answer 2

Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and is not demonstrated until it is needed.
Ex: You’ve ridden in the car with your parents many times but never paid attention to the route. One day you need to walk to the same place and realize you already know the way.

Question 3

Taste aversion

Answer 3

A learned avoidance of a particular food after it has been associated with illness or nausea.
Ex: You eat shrimp at a restaurant and get food poisoning later. Even months after, the smell or thought of shrimp makes you feel sick.

Question 4

Insight learning

Answer 4

Sudden realization or “aha!” moment when solving a problem, without trial and error.
Ex: You’ve been struggling with a math question. After taking a break, you suddenly realize the correct formula to use and solve it instantly.

Question 5

Trial and error learning

Answer 5

Learning by attempting multiple solutions until finding one that works.
Ex: A child tries several ways to open a childproof bottle, until they find the correct way to open it.

Question 6

Social learning

Answer 6

Learning that occurs through interaction with others and within a social context, often to fit in or conform.
Ex: You start using the same slang as your friends because everyone in your group says it, and you want to belong.

Question 7

Learned helplessness

Answer 7

When an individual stops trying to avoid negative outcomes because past attempts to change the situation have failed.
Ex: A student who keeps failing math tests despite studying begins to believe they’ll never succeed, so they stop trying altogether, even though tutoring could help.