Neural Cells
Specialized cells in the nervous system (neurons and glial cells).
Glial cells
Support cells in the nervous system.
Reflex arc
Simple neural pathway with sensory
Sensory neurons
Afferent neurons carrying info from sensory receptors → CNS.
Motor neurons
Efferent neurons carrying info from CNS → muscles and glands.
Interneurons
Neurons within CNS linking sensory and motor neurons.
All or nothing
Principle that neurons fire at full strength or not at all.
Depolarization
Na⁺ ions enter neuron
Refractory period
Brief resting pause after a neuron fires.
Resting potential
State when neuron is not firing; inside more negative.
Repolarization
K⁺ ions move out
Reuptake
Process where neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron.
Threshold
Minimum stimulation needed to trigger an action potential.
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger released into synapse.
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters that decrease neuron firing likelihood.
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters that increase neuron firing likelihood.
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter for movement
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter affecting mood
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter for alertness and arousal.
Glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter.
GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric acid; major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Endorphins
Natural opiate-like neurotransmitters.
Substance P
Neurotransmitter transmitting pain signals.
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter at muscle junctions.
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sleep vocab unit 119
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sleep cycles/stages unit 123
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summer vocab unit 164
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neurotransmitters unit 139
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sleep disorders & dreams unit 19
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basics unit 132
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module 1 unit 127
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summer anatomy unit 129
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summer content unit 133
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descrivtipe stats10
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cognition pt 1 unit 26
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cognition unit 2 pt 28
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memory unit 215
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memory retrival and forgetting18
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cognition u2 pt 315
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learning u37
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classical conditioning u314
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intelligence u325
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operant conditioning12
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learning PT2 u36
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learning PT3 u36
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constraints on learning11
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unit 475
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unit 4 quiz review63
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disorder48
