What are the differences between:
- Long-distance pipeline
- feeder pipeline
and
- Main pipeline
- supply pipeline?
- Long-distance pipeline: Legth >= 50 km
- Feeder pipeline: < 50 km
- Main pipeline: no connestions to consumers
- Supply pipeline: with connections to consumers
What pipelines belong to the distribution pipeline?
Main and supply pipeline
What are the disadvantages of a branch network?
- Supply from one side
- failure of the supply in the event of pipe breakages
- deterioriation in water quality with increasing network length
What are the advantages of a ring network?
- High security of supply (supply from two sides)
- Good balancing of consumption
- Favorable pressure conditions
What is NOT the basis for the water supply systems design?
Water supply systems are not designed on the basis of maximum flow rates. Maximum flow rate lead to uneconomical oversizing
What does oversizing lead to?
Oversizing lead to flow velocities with minium flow rates (night discharge). This can lead to hygiene problems. For the reason, the reference times for determining peak flows are defined sensibly
What is the reference time t_B?
Period of time on a day during which the maximum flow rate due to drinking water consumption is greater than the rated flow rate Q_B determined based on the reference time
What does the peak flow rate determined based on a reference time of t_B = 1 h indicates?
The maximum flow rate on this day can be higher than the rated flow rate due to consumption in a timespan of 1 h
What is MDP?
Maximum Design Pressure (System operating pressure)
What is the minium supply pressure at house connection?
2 bar (increases for every additional floor by 0,5 bar)
What is the resting pressure in the center of gravity of a pressure zone?
4 bar
What is the highest operating pressure?
8 bar
How high is the supply pressure (distribution lines)?
10 bar
How many bars for pressure surges?
2 bar
When is the supply pressure not sufficient?
When the hydrodynamic pressure line falls below p_supply,min
