What are influencing factors of domestic water demand?
- Climate
- Availability (water resources)
- Water quality
- Water price and control of withdrawal
- Sewerage system
- Standard of living
- Size of the supply area and polulation
How did the water consumption by housholds and small businesses develope from 1991 to 2013?
Per-Capita water demand decreased form 144 l/(Pd) (1991) to 121 l/(Pd) (2013)
Name the reference values for houshold water demand in l/(P*d) for:
- old detached and semi-detached houses, simplest design
- Simple multi-family redidential buildings, built before 1940
- Multi-storey residential buildings, with social housing, built before 1960
- Newer single-fmaily terraced houses, multi-storey residential buildings
- Aparmtnet buildings and residential buildings with luxury aparments
- Detached and semi-detached houses depending on the residental area
- Modern villas in prime residential areas
- old detached and semi-detached houses, simplest design: 60-70
- Simple multi-family redidential buildings, built before 1940: 90
- Multi-storey residential buildings, with social housing, built before 1960: 120
- Newer single-fmaily terraced houses, multi-storey residential buildings 120-130
- Aparmtnet buildings and residential buildings with luxury aparments: 140
- Detached and semi-detached houses depending on the residental area: 130-180
- Modern villas in prime residential areas: 220
What’s the biggest type of comsumption of the average daily water consumtion?
Bathing, showering, personal hygiene with 43 l/(P*d) (36%)
What do WSCs use water for (Self-consumption of the WSC)?
- Filter flushing in water treatment plants
- Pipe network flushing
- Cleaning the water chambers of the water storage tanks
How high is the annual water consumption of WSCs? How do the values differ between WSCs with and without treatment plants?
- 1,3 to 1,5 % of Q_a with treatment plants
- 1,0 % of Q_a without treatment plants
(q_self-consumtion = 2 l/(P*d))
How did the loss of water in public water supply develope?
Between 1991 and 2010 the water lossed decreased from 8,8 % oin relation to the water volume to 6,6 %
Who has the responibility for the extinguising water demnd?
Municipality -> Decision on the use of water resources for extingishing purposes and on the share of the WSC
What is the extinguishing water demand?
Total amount of water required for fire protection
What is contained in the basic protection?
Fire protection for the municipal area and properties without increased risk to property and people
What is contained in property protection?
Property-realted fire protection that goes beyond the basic protection for:
- Objects with an increased fire risk, e.g. parking garages or
- properties with an increased risk to people, e.g. hotels
Who provides extingishing water?
Provision of extinguising water by WSC:
When calculating the pipe network, the water quantity Q_h,max(Q_d,avg) must be used in addition to the extinguising water demand
