What is stage 3 tendinopathy recovery?
Increase in speed and energy storage exercises, such as single jump-landing
What is stage 4 tendinopathy recovery?
Energy storage and release (or sport specific exercises) such as repeated jumps and direction changes
What is the function and power unit of muscles?
To generate power, muscle cells (fibers)
What is isometric muscle movement?
Generates force without changing length, maintaining a static position
What is isotonic muscle movement?
Muscle changes length during contraction
What is a concentric muscle movement?
Muscle shortens while generating force
What is a eccentric muscle movement?
Muscle lengthens while generating force
What are the 4 ways that muscles adapt to training?
- Rapid response
- Neural factors (early stages)
- Muscle factors (prolonged training)
- Muscle fibers increase their cross-sectional area
What are the 2 types of direct muscle injuries?
Contusion and laceration
WHat are the 4 types of indirect muscle injuries?
Muscle strain, fatigue-induced muscle disorder, DOMS, neuromuscular muscle disorders
What are the 2 other types of muscle injuries?
Muscle cramps, chronic compartment syndrome
What is myositis ossificans?
Bone formation within muscle tissue
What are 5 characteristics of muscle strains?
- Tensile forces
- Usually close to myotendinous junction
- Hamstring, quadriceps, gastrocnemius
- Pop, bump, swelling
- Pain on contraction and passive stretch, reduced strength, decreased ROM, loss of function
What is a myotendinous junction?
Where muscle fibers connect to the tendon
What is the use of the myotendinous junction?
Transfer of contraction force from muscle to tendon and skeletal system
Why is the myotendinous junction a common site of injury?
High stress during jumping and sprinting
What is a grade 1 muscle strain?
Mild- minimal loss of strength and motion
What is a grade 2 muscle strain?
Moderate- tissue damage, decreased ability to contract and decreased ROM
What is a grade 3 muscle strain?
Complete tear, complete loss of muscle function
What is type 1 of hamstring rupture?
Sprinting-related hamstring strain (biceps femoris)
What is type 2 of hamstring rupture?
Stretching-related hamstring strain (semimembranosus)
How are type 1 hamstring strains diagnosed?
History and physical: mechanism, palpation, neural testing, biomechanical evaluation
Imaging: MRI
How are type 2 hamstring strains diagnosed?
History and physical: mechanism, palpation, spinal exam, neural testing, biomechanical evaluation
Imaging: MRI
What are the two types of neuromuscular disorders?
Spinal or spinal nerve-related, OR neuromuscular endplate-related
