Marxism

Question 1

Marxism overview

Answer 1

Karl Marx: Working class suffers from false class consciousness – unaware of their exploitation.

Question 2

Social Institutions

Answer 2

Institutions (family, education, religion) trick the working class into thinking their status is natural and fair.

This is part of the Superstructure that spreads ruling-class ideology.

Question 3

False Class Consciousness

Answer 3

Ruling class appears to act for the benefit of all.

Working class accepts this view, unaware of exploitation.

Question 4

Althusser – Structural Marxism

Answer 4

Criticises Marx’s economic determinism.

Society has three interlocking systems:
1.Economic system: produces goods.
2.Political system: makes laws, leads society.
3.Ideological system: spreads ideas and beliefs to maintain control.

Question 5

Gramsci – Humanistic Marxism

Answer 5

Proletariat can influence change through hegemony, not just economic changes.

Counter-hegemony: offers an alternative to capitalism.

Working-class intellectuals: educated workers who guide the proletariat toward alternatives.

Revolution is possible by winning hearts and minds and providing belief in change.