GEOGRAPHY > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

(56 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

GLOBAL MIGRATION

A

DYNAMIC FLOWS of people between COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND CONTINENTS
(INTRA- and INTER-REGIONAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

INTER-REGIONAL

A

between regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

INTRA-REGIONAL

A

within a region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MIGRATION

A

UN:
“The movement of people across a SPECIFIED BOUNDARY, NATIONAL or INTERNATIONAL, to establish a new PERMANENT place of residence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GLOBAL MIGRATION SYSTEM

A

DYNAMIC- flows of people constantly CHANGING in NUMBER, DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT, DEMOGRAPHIC+ ETHNIC COMPOSITION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MIGRATION in 21ST CENTURY

A

SIGNIFICANT GROWTH

United Nations Population Fund (UNPF): 2020- 281MIL PEOPLE (3.6% world’s population) living outside country of origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MIGRATION- GLOBALISATION

A

places becoming increasingly CONNECTED/ TIME-SPACE COMPRESSION, so INCREASED MAGNITUDE, COMPLEXITY, and IMPACT of global migration; PRIORITY ISSUE for almost all nations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

A

UN: person who stays outside their usual country of residence for A YEAR OR MORE

1/35 people are international migrants

different SCALES:
* between neighbouring countries
* across the globe
* between major global regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION an important factor of when considering it?

A

POPULATION CHANGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

POPULATION CHANGE calculation

A

(births- deaths)± IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PROBLEMS when identifying POPULATION CHANGE

A
  • migration figures are ESTIMATES
  • lack of uniformity- difficulty obtaining ACCURATE, COMPARABLE, and RELIABLE statistics
  • difficulty defining an IM
  • mass numbers UNDOCUMENTED/ ILLEGAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2018: NET MIGRATION GAIN to UK

A

283,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Year ending MARCH 2016

A

UK recieved more migrants from OUTSIDE EU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2015: highest percentage population migrants

A

UAE (United Arab Emirates)- 88% POPULATION are migrants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

USA’s percentage of the world’s migrants

A

19%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which THREE COUNTRIED are 54% migrants from?

A
  • Syria (4.5mil)
  • Afganistan (2.7mil)
  • Somallia (1.1mil)

(middle eastern, and african countries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOST REFUGEES FROM

A

Turkey (2.5mil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many BORDER WALLS

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

% UK population migrants

A

11.3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

To INCREASE the POPULATION on a GLOBAL SCALE

A

either:

INCREASE BIRTH RATE

DECREASE DEATH RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between BR and DR?

A

NATURAL CHANGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why has population increased?

A

Birth rate has decreased, but death rate has decreased at FASTER RATE, due to BETTER MEDICINE/ HEALTHCARE, DIET, WORKING CONDITIONS, LESS POLLUTION (increased life expectancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reasons for POPULATION INCREASE on a REGIONAL SCALE

Study These Flashcards
A

INCREASE IMMIGRATION

DECREASE EMIGRATION

24
Q

What is IMMIGRATION?

Study These Flashcards
A

permanent departure from one country to live in another

25
What is EMIGRATION?
entrance of a person into a country with aim of living their permanently
26
What is a REFUGEE?
a person who has moved out of the country of their nationality/ usual domicile, due to genuine fear of PERSECUTION or DEATH
27
What is an ASYLUM SEEKER?
A person who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee
28
What is an ELITE MIGRANT?
migration of TRAINED PROFESSIONALS e.g. health professionals, musicians, athletes, bankers, property developers, entrepreneurs, academics etc.
29
What are MIGRANT REMITTANCES?
ECONOMIC MIGRANTS send MONEY back to families from HOST COUNTRY to SOURC3 COUNTRY
30
NEGATIVE IMPACTS of migration on HOST COUNTRY
INCREASED POPULATION, could become OVERCROWDED HOUSING CRISIS- INCREASED DEMAND not all migrants work, e.g. the motels INCREASE DEMAND OF SERVICES e.g. healthcare, transport, education ETHNIC/ RELGIOUS TENSIONS; difficulty INTEGRATING migrants
31
POSITIVE IMPACTS of migration on HOST COUNTRY
MOST SKILLED migrate (mostly young adults)- work, increase LABOUR SUPPLY, boost ECONOMY (POSITIVE MULTIPLIER EFFECT) increased CULTURAL DIVERSITY increased INTERCONNECTEDNESS
32
NEGATIVE IMPACTS of migration on SOURCE COUNTRY
DECREASE POPULATION; POPULATION IMBALANCE (dependents- young/old) as working population migrate Vacant space SMALLER LABOUT SUPPLY; LESS INVESTMENT in PUBLIC GOODS as LESS TAXATION (NEGATIVE MULTIPLIER EFFECT) LOSS OF HUMAN RESOURCES
33
POSITIVE IMPACTS of migration on SOURCE COUNTRY
Could improve QOL of FAMILY being sent REMITTANCES in SOURCE COUNTRY e.g. ACCESS TO EDUCATION
34
UN definitions of LONG TERM and SHORT TERN migrants
A person who moves to country other than usual residence for atleast a YEAR moves more than 3 MONTHS, but less than a year
35
What is NET MIGRATION?
DIFFERENCE between numbers of IMMIGRANTS and EMIGRANTS for a particular country
36
2018 and 2019 UK net migration
Net migration GAIN 283,000 229,000 GAIN (LOWEST since 2003)
37
According to EUROSTAT: Highest NET GAIN Highest NET LOSS (In 2018)
GERMANY (over 390,000) SPAIN (over 330,000) FRANCE (55,500) ROMANIA (55,000)
38
What of INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION is COMPLEX and can be demonstrated by imigration + emigration patterns of the UK?
The SCALE and DIRECTION of INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION and the COMPOSITION of MIGRANT FLOWS are complex
39
How many people born in UK lived abroad in 2020? What are the reasons for this?
5.5 MILLION people * EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNTIES- majority of WORKING AGE, High percentage in MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS * RETIREMENT- large no. RETIREMENT AGE; high UK house prices so can sell up + live more cheaply, often in a locality with WARM CLIMATE + good QOL * FAMILY REUINIFICATION- moving to join relatives overseas
40
How many FOREIGN- BORN people living in UK in 2018?
9.3 MILLION
41
Since *when* has the influx of *what* migrants slowed?
since 2016 EU- born immigrants
42
Which region in the UK has the highest no. immigrants?
LONDON: 36.2% (over 1/3)
43
Which countries have the most representation in the UK?
ASIAN COUNTRIES esp. INDIA (9.1% of the share)
44
How many IMMIGRANTS to UK in 2019? EMPLOYMENT status
612,000 * 25% secured EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS before arrival * 8% looking for work * 35% students in FULL- TIME EDUCATION * 10% seeking FAMILY REUNIFICATION
45
Country of ORIGIN of UK IMMIGRANTS
POLAND (0.83mil) INDIA + PAKISTAN (0.83mil + 0.54mil) - COMMONWEALTH countries Mainly EUROPE and SOUTHERN ASIA
46
Country of RESIDENCE of UK EMIGRANTS
AUSTRALIA (1.28mil) NEW ZEALAND (0.31mil) USA (0.76mil) SPAIN (0.38mil) e.g. retirement to warm climate ICELAND (0.25mil)
47
SEGREGATION
despite apparent RACIAL/ MULTICULTURAL MIX in many CITIES, sign. no. immigrants choose to live with people from SIMILIAR AREAS + away from other people from diff. CULTURES and ETHNICITIES Migrants mainly move to CBD/ INNER CITY as CHEAPER HOUSING
48
Why does SEGREGATION occur?
Family culture Safety in numbers Employment factors Speciality facilities
49
ASSIMILATION
process of joining + settling in a community
50
How cam ASSIMILATION be ENCOURAGED (in a HOST COUNTRY) ?
Availability of English classes Community groups Improve education + training Increase awareness of potential problems E.g. leaflets in different languages at services such as hospitals
51
What can SEGREGATION lead to?
GHETTOISATION- Extreme circumstances e.g. in the US where there is severe separation of different ethnicities/ communities
52
What is a PUSH FACTOR
NEGATIVE FACTORS in migrants CURRENT LOCATION
53
What is a PULL FACTOR
PERCEIVED ADVATAGES of a POTENTIAL DESTINATION, which ATTRACT MIGRANTS
54
Push and pull factors which influence people's decision to migrate can be...
SOCIAL POLITCAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC
55
Why might potential migrants perceived different attributes of origin and destination countries differently?
PERSON CHARACTERISTICS and CIRCUMSTANCES
56
when could an INTERVENING OBSTACLE occur? examples?
Any point from ORIGIN TO DESTINATION Costs Physical features (oceans, rivers, mountain ranges) Climatic factors Health Transport Cultural factors e.g. languages
GEOGRAPHY
flashcards
Decks in class (47)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions