Module 2 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the three core principles of cell theory?

Answer 1

Cells only develop from other cells.

All plants and animals are made up of cells.

Cells are the basic units of life.

Question 2

What is a bacteria cell wall made out of?

Answer 2

Peptidoglycan

Question 3

What is a plant cell wall made out of?

Answer 3

Cellulose

Question 4

What is a fungi cell wall made out of?

Answer 4

Chitin (ky-tan)

Question 5

In what cells is pilus found?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic Cells

Question 6

What is pilus for?

Answer 6

Bacterial Conjugation

Question 7

What is Bacterial Conjugation?

Answer 7

When bacteria swap plasma.

Question 8

What is one special feature of Bacterial Conjugation?

Answer 8

They can swap plasma with bacteria from any bacteria species allowing transfer of DNA.

Question 9

What is an ultrastructure?

Answer 9

Detailed internal structure of a cell or organelle that can only be seen using an electron microscope.

Question 10

What is an Eyepiece graticule?

Answer 10

A small scale placed in the eyepiece to measure specimens under a microscope.

Question 11

What is a laser scanning confocal microscope?

Answer 11

Uses laser light to produce high-resolution 3D images of cells and organelles.

Question 12

What is a Scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

Answer 12

Scans a specimen with electrons to produce a detailed 3D surface image.

Question 13

What is a Transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

Answer 13

Electrons pass through a thin specimen to show detailed internal structure.

Question 14

What is a Light microscope?

Answer 14

Uses visible light to magnify specimens; lower resolution than electron microscopes.

Question 15

What is resolution?

Answer 15

The ability to distinguish between two points as separate; higher resolution shows more detail.

Question 16

What is magnification?

Answer 16

How many times larger an image appears compared to the actual specimen.

Question 17

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 17

Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., animal and plant cells).

Question 18

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 18

Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria).

Question 19

What is a nucleus?

Answer 19

Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

Question 20

What is a nucleolus?

Answer 20

Produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 21

What is a nuclear envelope?

Answer 21

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus; controls entry/exit of molecules.

Question 22

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Answer 22

Studded with ribosomes; synthesises and transports proteins.

Question 23

What is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Answer 23

Synthesises lipids and detoxifies substances.

Question 24

What are ribosomes?

Answer 24

Sites of protein synthesis.

Question 25

What is mitochondria?

Answer 25

Site of aerobic respiration; produces ATP.

Question 26

What are lysosomes?

Answer 26

Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and pathogens.

Question 27

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 27

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells; contains chlorophyll.

Question 28

What are plasma membranes?

Answer 28

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 29

What are centrioles?

Answer 29

Organise spindle fibers during cell division.

Question 30

What are cell walls?

Answer 30

Rigid structure outside the plasma membrane in plants; provides support and protection.

Question 31

What is a flagella?

Answer 31

Tail-like structures for cell movement.

Question 32

What is cilia?

Answer 32

Hair-like structures; move substances across cell surfaces or enable cell movement.