Module 2 Chapter 2 Lesson 2 - Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the three elements in carbohydrates?

Answer 1

C
H
O

Question 2

What are the three elements in lipids?

Answer 2

C
H
O

Question 3

What are the elements in proteins?

Answer 3

C
H
O
N
Sometimes S

Question 4

What are the elements in nucleic acids?

Answer 4

C
H
O
P
N

Question 5

What is the definition of organic?

Answer 5

Organic molecules are ones containing C-H bonds.

Question 6

What is the definition of monomers?

Answer 6

Many repeating sub units

Question 7

What is the definition of polymers?

Answer 7

Large complex molecules made up of many repeating units.

Question 8

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide (simple sugars)

Question 9

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Polysaccharides

Question 10

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 10

Amino Acids

Question 11

What is the polymer of proteins?

Answer 11

Polypeptides + Proteins

Question 12

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 12

Nucleotides

Question 13

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

Answer 13

DNA + RNA

Question 14

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 14

A process where monomers join together to form larger biological molecules, such as proteins and carbohydrates, by releasing water (H2O) in the process.

Question 15

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 15

A chemical reaction that breaks down large biological molecules into smaller units by adding water, playing a crucial role in digestion and metabolism.

Question 16

Give three differences between condensation and hydrolysis reactions.

Answer 16

CONDENSATION

Water molecule released
New covalent bond formed
Larger molecule is formed by the bonding together of similar molecules.

HYDROLYSIS

Water molecule is added to break down substance
Covalent bond is broken
Smaller molecules formed

Question 17

What is one use of carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Main energy source
(glucose, respiration, energy)

Question 18

What is glucose stored as and where?

Answer 18

Stored as glycogen in liver and muscle cells.

Question 19

Why is glucagon stored in the liver cells?

Answer 19

Most metabolic reactions occur in the liver so a huge amount of energy is needed there.

Question 20

Why is glucagon stored in the muscle cells?

Answer 20

Muscles need lots of energy as they are constantly in use.

Question 21

What is a use of carbohydrates in plants?

Answer 21

To make cellulose which makes up the cell wall.

Question 22

What is a use of cellulose in humans?

Answer 22

Not stored anywhere but is aids digestion.

Question 23

How does cellulose aid digestion in humans?

Answer 23

Retains water which stops constipation.

Question 24

What is another use of carbohydrates in the cell?

Answer 24

Structure of the cell membrane as glycolipids or glycoproteins.

Question 25

How do plants store carbohydrates?

Answer 25

Store it in the form of starch.

Question 26

How is carbohydrates used in fungal cells?

Answer 26

Makes up chitin which is the cell wall and makes up the exoskeleton of insects.

Question 27

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 27

Simple sugars with a general formula of CH2O.

Question 28

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 28

Double sugars formed from two monosaccharides.

Question 29

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 29

Large molecules formed from many monosaccharides.

Question 30

What are the two monosaccharides that make up maltose?

Answer 30

Glucose and Glucose

Question 31

What are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose?

Answer 31

Fructose and Glucose

Question 32

What are the two monosaccharides that make up lactose?

Answer 32

Galactose and Glucose

Question 33

What is maltose used in to make it sweet?

Answer 33

Honey

Question 34

What is sucrose used in to make it sweet?

Answer 34

Table sugar

Question 35

What is lactose used in to make it sweet?

Answer 35

Milk sugar

Question 36

Name all the reducing sugars.

Answer 36

Glucose Fructose Galactose Maltose Lactose

Question 37

Name one non reducing sugar?

Answer 37

Sucrose

Question 38

What can reducing sugars be tested by?

Answer 38

Benedicts solution