Module 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 5 - Mutations

Question 1

What is the definition of a mutation?

Answer 1

A change in the sequence of DNA.

Question 2

What are the 4 types of mutations?

Answer 2

Substitution
Inversion
Deletion
Insertion

Question 3

Why is the genetic code considered degenerate?

Answer 3

There are 64 possible codons but only 20 amino acids

Therefore, multiple codons must code for the same amino acid.

Question 4

What is the biological significance of the degeneracy of the genetic code?

Answer 4

• Reduces the effect of mutations
• Protects proteins from harmful changes

A point mutation in the third base often does not change the amino acid (silent mutation).

Question 5

Define codon.

Answer 5

A sequence of three bases that codes for an amino acid

Codons are the basic units of the genetic code.

Question 6

What is meant by degenerate code?

Answer 6

Multiple codons code for the same amino acid

This is a key feature of the genetic code.

Question 7

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 7

A mutation that does not alter the amino acid

This often occurs due to changes in the wobble position.

Question 8

True or false: The wobble base is critical for determining the amino acid produced.

Answer 8

FALSE

The wobble base allows for variation without changing the amino acid.

Question 9

What should you always link to mutation tolerance in exam questions?

Answer 9

Degeneracy of the genetic code

Use the wobble base example to show understanding.