Multi system

Question 1

Begins in childhood. Characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. Loss of function of these beta cells leads to insulin deficiency. What is this called

Answer 1

Type 1 diabetes - insulin dependent

Question 2

Person can’t properly use the insulin made by their body or their body cannot produce enough insulin. Developed in adulthood. What is this called

Answer 2

Type 2 diabetes - non insulin dependent or insulin resistant diabetes

Question 3

Hyperglycemia value

Answer 3

greater than or equal to 11mmol/L

Question 4

Hypoglycemia value

Answer 4

less than 3.9mmol/L

Question 5

Frequent urinarion
Increased thirst
Increased hunger
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Delayed healing
Headache

These are signs of what

Answer 5

Hyperglycemia

Question 6

Fruity smelling breath
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Confusion and coma
These are signs of what

Answer 6

Hyperglycemia

Question 7

Shakiness
Dizziness
Sweating (cool, clammy skin)
Hunger
Fast heartbeat
These are signs of

Answer 7

Hypoglycemia

Question 8

Inability to concentrate
Confusion and headaches
Anxiety & nervousness
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Weakness
These are signs of

Answer 8

Hypoglycemia

Question 9

ACA supplies what

Answer 9

Anterior 2/3 of medial cerebral cortex (frontal and parietal lobes)

Question 10

Characteristics of ACA

Answer 10

• contralateral hemiplegia
• contralateral hemisensory loss
• LE > UE
• apraxia
• urinary incontinence
• abulia
• broca or nonfluent aphasia
• akinetic mutism

Question 11

Characterized by discrete attacks of neurological deficits and dysfunction (known as relapses) with either partial or full recover in subsequent weeks or months (remission), a lack of disease progression characterized the periods between relapses. what type of MS is this

Answer 11

Relapsing - Remitting

Question 12

Disease progression and steady decline from onset, patients may experience modest fluctuations in neurological disability but attacks do not occur. What type of MS is this

Answer 12

Primary Progressive

Question 13

Initial relapsing-remitting course followed by a change in clinical course with progression to to steady and irreversible decline with or without continued attacks. What kind of MS is this

Answer 13

Secondary progressive

Question 14

Characterized by steady deterioration in disease from onset but with acute attacks and intervals between attacks are characterized but disease progression what type of MS is this

Answer 14

Progressive relapsing

Question 15

In MS frequent loss of balance during gait characterizes what type of gait ? In addition to that due to LE extensor spasticity this may produce what kind of gait pattern ?

Answer 15

Ataxic gait / Scissoring Gait

Question 16

Patients with MS can struggle with lifting their legs due to _____ and weak ______ can result in a foot drop. This can also cause a _______ gait pattern

Answer 16

Hip flexor weakness / weak dorsiflexors / circumducted gait pattern

Question 17

Individuals with MS may experience frequent loss of balance during gait, this is called a ____ gait pattern. They may also have a _____ gait pattern due to their LE extensor spasticity

Answer 17

Ataxic / Scissoring

Question 18

Ms patients have ______ & _____ resulting in difficulty lifting their legs and having a foot drop which can cause a circumducted gait pattern

Answer 18

Weak hip flexors and dorsiflexors

Question 19

Which cranial nerves are affected by ALS

Answer 19

• Trigeminal
• facial
• vagus
• hypoglossal
  -Glossopharyngeal

Question 20

Sensory pathways are not spared in ALS true or false

Answer 20

False, they are spared

Question 21

Early disease, mild focal weakness, asymmetrical distribution, symptoms of hand cramping and faciculations, what stage of ALS is this

Answer 21

Stage 1

Question 22

Moderate weakness in muscles, atrophy, modified independence with assistive devices what stage of ALS is this

Answer 22

Stage 2

Question 23

Severe weakness of more specific muscles increasing fatigue mild to moderate functional limitations but ambulatory what stage of ALS is this

Answer 23

Stage 3

Question 24

Severe weakness and wasting of LE mild weakness of UE moderate assistance and assistive devices required wheelchair user what stage of ALS is this

Answer 24

Stage 4

Question 25

Progressive weakness with deterioration of mobility and endurance increased fatigue moderate to serve weakness of all limbs and trunk spasticity hyperreglexia loss of head control maximal assistance required what stage of ALS is this

Answer 25

Stage 5

Question 26

Bedridden dependent ADLS, FMS, progressive respiratory distress what stage of ALS is this

Answer 26

Stage 6

Question 27

Pain upon pressure in the upper abdomen indicative of a ruptured spleen or retroperitoneal bleeding (seek immediate medical attention) what is this called

Answer 27

Kehrs sign

Question 28

Constriction of small arteries in extremities causing color changes is called

Answer 28

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 29

Pressure in the left lower quadrant causing pain in the right lower quadrant indicative of appendicitis usually accompanied by anorexia vomiting low grade fever is called

Answer 29

Rovsing Sign

Question 30

Bluish peri umbilical discoloration indicative of acute pancreatitis is called

Answer 30

Cullen sign

Question 31

Twitching of facial muscles upon tapping the facial nerve during to hypoparathyroidism is called

Answer 31

Chvosteks sign

Question 32

Painful vesicles along dermatomal pattern often with itching and hyperesthesia is called

Answer 32

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

Question 33

Circular lesions with clear centers and scales consistent with anti fungal use is called

Answer 33

Tinea corporis

Question 34

Small macules and pus filled vesicles more superficial are known as

Answer 34

Impetigo

Question 35

Red warm tender possibly streaking skin deep tissue involvement with lymph vessel involvement sometimes as well is knows as

Answer 35

Cellulitis

Question 36

Central red spot with radiating capillaries unrelated to vesicular lesions this is known as

Answer 36

Spider angiomas

Question 37

Red itchy peeling feet is ?

Answer 37

Tinea pedis

Question 38

Burns increase metabolic rate and core temperature by how much

Answer 38

1.8-2.6 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 39

Spider angiomas are associated with

Answer 39

Liver disease

Question 40

Coffee ground emesis is associated with

Answer 40

Upper GI bleed

Question 41

Buffalo hump is associated with

Answer 41

Cushing syndrome

Question 42

White dots or lines on nails are called

Answer 42

Leukonychia

Question 43

Spoon nails are known as

Answer 43

Koilonychia

Question 44

Transverse grooves and ridges on nails are called

Answer 44

Baeus lines

Question 45

If you swing flashlight between eyes and you see paradoxical dilation in affected eye, often seen in MS patients with optic neuritis, what is this called

Answer 45

Marcus Gunn pupil

Question 46

Ice pick like pain behind the eye causing blurring and graying of vision or blindness

Answer 46

Optic neuritis

Question 47

Dark spot in center of visual field

Answer 47

Scotoma

Question 48

Loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision) due to increased intraocular pressure, optic disc degeneration, atrophy in the optic nerve, can also progress to total blindness. What is this called

Answer 48

Glaucoma

Question 49

Darkened vision, loss of acuity, lens opacity, distortion these are all signs of

Answer 49

Cataracts

Question 50

Inability to focus, blurred images

Answer 50

Presbyopia

Question 51

Loss of central vision decreased retinal blood supply

Answer 51

Macular degeneration

Question 52

Match the sign to the condition - Hoffman - Homan - DVT - UMN

Answer 52

HOFFMAN > UMN HOMAN > DVT

Question 53

Injury to the upper nerve roots (____) of the brachial plexus is called _____. It affects the axillary, musculocutaneous, suprascapular nerves.

Answer 53

C5-C6 / Erb duchenne palsy

Question 54

Waiter tip deformity and sensory loss in radial side of forearm + deltoid region is seen in ….

Answer 54

Erb Duchenne palsy

Question 55

Injury to the lower nerve roots of brachial plexus (______) is called _____

Answer 55

C8-T1 / Klumpke paralysis

Question 56

Forearm supinated, wrist and MCP extended, PIP and DIP flexed causing a claw hand deformity. Sensory loss of ulnar side of forearm. This is seen in _______ + Horner syndrome

Answer 56

Klumpke Paralysis

Question 57

Bell’s palsy is an LMN or UMN lesion

Answer 57

LMN