Other Flashcards by zeina alard

A virus infection of cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord (LMN) leading to temporary or permanent paralysis of muscles that they activate . This virus affects children under 5 years. What’s this called

Poliomyelitis

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Mitral valve is best auscultated at the ________ along the midclavicular line

5th intercostal space

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The tricuspid valve is typically ausculatetd at the ________, at the left sternal border

4th intercostal space

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S3 heart sound occurring immediately after S2 in early diastole is associated with

Left ventricular failure / congestive heart failure

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Tetralogy of fallot includes 4 defects, what are they ?

ventricular septal defect
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta

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The oculomotor nerve is responsible for efferent pupillary light reflex, if light is shone into the affected eye the direct reflex will be absent meaning the eye won’t constrict but the unaffected eye will constrict normally. So the reflex will only be absent in the affected eye. True or False

True

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In the optic nerve, it is responsible for the afferent pupillary light reflex so a light shone in the affected eye will cause neither pupils to constrict and a light shone in the non affected eye will cause both pupils to constrict normally. True or False

True

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___________ sign is indicated by involuntary flexion of the hip and knee in response to passive neck flexion suggesting meningeal irritation (associated with meningitis)

Brudinzki Sign

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__________ sign involves pain during passive knee extension with flexed hip, related to meningeal irritation

Kernig Sign

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Paraffin wax bath temperature

52-57 Celsius
126-134 Fahrenheit

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Counternutation of the sacrum

Sacrum moves up & backwards + rotates to the same side that absorbs the force

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Nutation of sacrum

Sacrum moves down and forward and opposite side of force

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Common peroneal nerve injury results in weakness of

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
peroneals

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Femoral nerve injury can result in weakness of

Sartorius, quadriceps, and pectineus

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Median nerve injury results in weakness of

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis and pronater teres

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In a case of right thoracic scoliosis, the vertebral bodies are rotated towards the ____ side and the spinous process is rotated towards the __side.

Right / Convex
Left / Concave

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Hemoglobin threshold is ____ g/dL typically associated with essential activities of daily living while a level of ____ g/dL and above generally allows for more physical activities including light to moderate exercises

8g/dL / 10g/dL

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ST depression indicates

Myocardial ischemia

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ST elevation indicated

Myocardial infarction

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Lumbricals function + if we want to stretch do we move them in same direction or opposite direction ?

Flex MCP + extend IP / opposite direction

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Recommended room temperature for patients to be kept in post burns

86 Fahrenheit or 30 Celsius

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Signet ring sign is a sign of

Bronchioctasis

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In SLR
0-30»_space;
30-50»_space;
50-70»_space;
70-90»_space;

Hip pathology, nerve involvement
Sciatica
Hamstring
Sacroiliac

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Wearing shoes with a ______ heel after an Achilles tendon repair especially in the early stages of recovery is necessary

1-1.5 cm heel lift

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Hip capsular pattern

Flexion > abduction > IR

Cervical Spine capsular pattern

Lateral flexion & rotation > extension

Thoracic and lumbar spine capsular pattern

Side flexion & rotation > extension > flexion

Posterolateral hip surgery precautions

- no hip flexion > 90 - no hip adduction past neutral - no hip IR

Anterolateral hip surgery precautions

No hip extension beyond neutral No excessive hip abduction No excessive hip ER Avoid bridging and prone lying initially

Lateral approach in hip surgery precautions

No excessive hip extension, ER, adduction + may include posterior approach precautions depending on capsule repair - strengthening hip abductors is critical in this rehab

Ulcer limited to skin (superficial epidermis / dermis), no involvement of deeper structure. What stage of Wagner staging system for diabetic foot ulcers is this ??

Stage 1 / superficial ulcer

Ulcer extends to subcutaneous tissues may involved tendon, ligament, joint capsule, fascia. No bone involvement or abscess. What stage of Wagner staging system for diabetic foot ulcers is this ??

Stage 2 deep ulcer

Ulcer extends to bone or joint. Associated with infection abscess osteomyelitis and septic arthritis What stage of Wagner staging system for diabetic foot ulcers is this ??

Stage 3 deep ulcer with abscess, osteomyelitis, or joint sepsis

Gangrene of part of the foot (toes, forefoot, heel), surrounding tissue may still be viable What stage of Wagner staging system for diabetic foot ulcers is this ??

Stage 4 localized gangrene

Widespread gangrene of entire foot limb salvage is not possible, only management is amputation What stage of Wagner staging system for diabetic foot ulcers is this ??

Stage 5 extensive gangrene of entire foot

Intact skin with localized non-blanchable erythema, may be painful, firm or smooth, warm or cool, in comparison to adjacent tissue. What stage of pressure ulcer is this ??

Stage 1 (non blanchable erythema)

Epidermis and partial dermis lost, shallow open ulcer with pink or red wound bed but no slough, may appear as intact / sutured serum filled blister What stage of pressure ulcer is this ??

Stage 2 partial thickness skin loss

Full thickness skin loss extending to subcutaneous fat but not though the fascia, may have slough and tunneling What stage of pressure ulcer is this ??

Stage 3 full thickness subcutaneous skin loss

Extends to muscle tendon bone, they are exposed. Often has slough, Eschar, tunneling. High risk for osteomyelitis. What stage of pressure ulcer is this ??

Stage 4 Full thickness muscle and bone

Full thickness tissue loss but base of ulcer covered in slough and eschar yellow tan brown or black. Try depth can’t be determined until wound is debrided What stage of pressure ulcer is this ??

Unstageable pressure ulcer

Hormone relaxin cause which joint to become more lax and potentially painful

Sacroiliac joints

TFCC injury causes

- extensor carpi ulnaris dysfunction - positive piano key test - pain on forearm supination

Moving the proximal carpal row (convex) over the distal radius and ulna (concave) volarly assists in _______ and dorsally it assists in ______

Wrist extension / Wrist flexion

Common areas of compression in TOS

Superior thoracic outlet Scalene triangle Between clavicle and 1st rib btw Pectoralis min. and thoracic wall

What structures can get compression in TOS

Brachial plexus Subclavian artery & vein Vagus and phrenic nerve Sympathetic trunk

A TMJ deviation toward the left side would indicate left side is hypomobile while the right side is hypermobile and vice verse. True or False

True

Positions for median nerve glides and mobilization

- wrist neutral with fingers and thumb flexed / extended - wrist and fingers extended with neutral thumb - wrist fingers and thumb extended - wrist fingers and thumb extended + supinated - wrist fingers and thumb extended, supinated + thumb stretched into extension

Ulnar nerve is triggered by which movement of the elbow causing numbness and tingling in ring and little finger

Elbow flexion

What’s the abnormal value for triglycerides

greater than or equal to 1.7mmol (150mg/dL)

What’s the abnormal value for HDL / cholesterol in men and women

Men: <1mmol (40mg/dL) Women: <1.3mmol (50mg/dL)

What’s the abnormal fasting blood glucose

> 100mg/dL

Tscore values

Normal: -1 to 1 Osteopenia: -1 to -2.5 Osteoporosis: less than -2.5

In people with _____ cervical extensor weakness is typical and may cause head drop or difficulty minting upright posture during sitting or walking

ALS

The ______ maneuver for canalithiasis involved having the head turned towards the affected side and goes throw extension rolling and sitting up while the ________ maneuver of capulolisthiasis has the head turned away from the affected side and includes rapid side lying transitions

Epley / Semont

The normal ejection fraction is _____ and in systolic heart failure the EF is _______

55-75% / <40%

Abdominal obesity

Men > 40inches Women > 35inches

decreased activity of the thyroid gland with deficient thyroid secretion and increased TSH & TRH These are signs of hypo or hyper thyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Hyperactivity of thyroid gland, TSH & TRH decreased These are signs of hypo or hyper thyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Decrease in cortisol / aldosterone, weakness, hypotension, hyperpigmentation, anorexia, cold intolerance These are signs of Addisons or Cushing syndrome

Addison

Increased cortisol, moon face, central obesity, muscle wasting, emotional changes, decrease in glucose tolerance These are signs in Cushing syndrome of addisons

Cushing

High blood pressure

135mmhg and higher systolic & 85mmhg and higher in diastolic

Diagnostic criteria for DM 1. Casual plasma glucose level (nonfasting anytime of the day) 2. Fasting plasma glucose 3. OGTT (2 hour post load glucose test)

1. >200mg/dL (11.1mmol) 2. >126mg/dL (7mmol) 3. >200mg/dL (11.1mmol)

SIGNS & SYMTPMS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

Metabolic process slowed Hashimotos Weight gain Lethargy Dry skin & hair Low BP Cold intolerance

SIGNS & SYMTPOMS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

Graves’ disease Metabolic process accelerated Nervousness & anxiety Hyperrefelxia & tremor Hunger Weight loss Fatigue Heat intolerance Palpitation & tachycardia

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