Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous system types

Answer 1

Central, peripheral

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

Peripheral nerves and ganglia

Question 4

Neurons

Answer 4

Specialized for transmission of information (4 types)

Question 5

Glia

Answer 5

Support for nervous (glue) 5 types (4 in CNS,1 in PNS)

Question 6

Structural components

Answer 6

Dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Receive input, send info to cell body

Question 8

Cell body

Answer 8

Contains nucleus and organelles •sums input

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Carries electrical impulses, can be myelinated

Question 10

Axon terminal

Answer 10

End (terminus) of axon > releases neurotransmitters

Question 11

Group of cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

Tract

Answer 12

Bundle of axon in CNS

Question 13

Grey matter

Answer 13

Group of cell bodies (soma) in CNS

Question 14

White matter

Answer 14

Bundle of axons in CNS

Question 15

Ganglion

Answer 15

Group of cell bodies in PNS

Question 16

Nerve

Answer 16

Bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 17

Neuron functional components

Answer 17

Input, summation, conduction, output

Question 18

Input zone

Answer 18

Dendrites and cell body receives chemical signals from other neurons

Question 19

Summation zone

Answer 19

Axon hillock adds inputs together and decides what to do

Question 20

Conduction zone

Answer 20

Axon carries electrical signals by shuttling ions across cells membranes

Question 21

Output zone

Answer 21

Axon terminals-releases chemical signal (neurotransmitter) in vesicles

Question 22

4 types of neurons

Answer 22

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, anaxonic

Question 23

Glial cell types

Answer 23

Astrocytes, microglia, epyndymal, oligodendrocytes

Question 24

Astrocytes

Answer 24

Supply nutrients to neurons from blood (sit in blood-bran barrier and covers capillaries). Injury response bymaking glial cells

Question 25

Microglia

Answer 25

Immune cells that engulf microorganisms and debris

Question 26

Ependymal cells

Answer 26

Line fluid-filled spaces of brain and spinal cord. Have cilia to circulate CSF

Question 27

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 27

Support nerve fibers and ensheathes them in myelin (CNS only) _ associates with multiple neurons ( one cell body for multiple)

Question 28

Schwann cells

Answer 28

Support nerve fibers, ensheathes them in myelin (PNS only) - myelin sheath is multiple cells in a line

Question 29

Myelin sheath

Answer 29

Lipid layer for conduction (increases velocity)

Question 30

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 30

Gaps in myelin sheath, signal jumps from node to node

Question 31

Presynapse

Answer 31

Axons release neurotransmitter in vesicle

Question 32

Postsynaptic

Answer 32

Dendrites contain neurotransmitter receptors

Question 33

Into brain

Answer 33

Afferent, ascending

Question 34

Out of brain

Answer 34

Efferent, descending

Question 35

Somatic efferent division

Answer 35

2 neurons - myelinated axons _ nerve in 2nd goes to skeletal muscle and forms Ach synapse

Question 36

Autonomic efferent division

Answer 36

Neurons 1 and 2 are myelinated. Second axon is a nerve that synapses with 3rd neuron in PNS (unmyelinated)

Question 37

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 37

Prepare for stress response - norepinephrine Steve always talks loudly child

Question 38

Parasympathetic

Answer 38

Prepare for calm - acetylcholine Pete doesn't call Sundays, frustratingly