Nutrients

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

substance that is consumed to support cellular needs for work, growth, reproduction, maintenance and repair of tissues

Question 2

Water makes up how much of an adult animal

Answer 2

50-75%

Question 3

2 main functions of water

Answer 3

-a component for cellular metabolism
-a medium for thermoregulation independent of environment

Question 4

metabolic water

Answer 4

-water produced as a result of metabolic reactions
-2 amino acids create a peptide bond and it creates water
-very important in desert animals

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

-cutting of a molecule in the presence of water

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

-provide energy- 4kcal/gram
-provide fiber

Question 7

forms of carbohydrates

Answer 7

-sugar (simple carb), starch, fiber

Question 8

carbs are stored where in the body

Answer 8

there is very little storage in body, stored as glycogen in liver, if any

Question 9

carbs are the most what

Answer 9

cheapest and must readily abundant source of energy

Question 10

the kreb cycle

Answer 10

how glucose is broken down, ATP is the end goal

Question 11

catabolic reactions

Answer 11

breaking down glucose

Question 12

anabolic reactions

Answer 12

building glucose

Question 13

carbs named based on _______

Answer 13

structure

Question 14

monosaccharids:

Answer 14

glucose, fructose, galactose (C6H12O6)

Question 15

diasaccarides

Answer 15

maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 16

complex carbs

Answer 16

Polysaccharides (>10 saccharides)

Question 17

starch

Answer 17

amylose, amylopectin

Question 18

Dietary fiber

Answer 18

cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin

Question 19

Fiber:

Answer 19

-pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin
-some require special digestion, digestion is usually slower

Question 20

NDF

Answer 20

(acid detergent fiber) - true fiber content of feeds
-pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin

Question 21

ADF

Answer 21

(acid detergent fiber) -less digestible fibers
-cellulose
-lignin

Question 22

chart thing

Answer 22

cellulose-VFA-Glucose
-energy

Question 23

Starch

Answer 23

Portion of the endosperm in seeds of plants or in roots
quickly and easily digested by enzymes in the small intestine

Question 24

another chart thingy

Answer 24

starch-glucose-energy

Question 25

Protiens

Answer 25

-amino acids connected by peptide bonds create proteins -the amino acids present, their order and length determine the function of the protein

Question 26

Protein folding/structures

Answer 26

Primary structure- how the amino acids are stacked Secondary structure- pleated Tertiary structure Quaternary structure- come together to make a big one

Question 27

functions of protein

Answer 27

-structural -muscle, tendons, bones, liver; -Specialized functions -digestive enzymes, hormones -antibodyies -metabolized for energy- inefficient process (only times of starvation) -takes more energy than protein would create

Question 28

Fats (lipids)

Answer 28

Waxes, triglycerides ( fats and oils) (most consumed), phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids, fat soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, cholesterol Non polar, not soluble

Question 29

Function of lipids

Answer 29

-energy source (2.25x more energy than carbs, 9kcals/gram) -structural component of cells

Question 30

Less oxygen means more oxidation, _________ _________released

Answer 30

more energy

Question 31

Saturated fat

Answer 31

have the maximum number of H bonded to C

Question 32

cis-doubled bonds

Answer 32

have H on the same side; causes a kink in the chain

Question 33

Trans-doubled bonds

Answer 33

have hydrogens on opposite sides; straighter chain

Question 34

Triglycerides

Answer 34

3 fatty acid chains stuck to a glycerol

Question 35

FATS vs oil

Answer 35

-solid at room temp -saturated with hydrogen

Question 36

fats vs OILS

Answer 36

-liquid at room temperature -unsaturated