Quality Management

Question 1

“Quality”

Answer 1

Degree to which deliverable/project fulfills the requirements

Question 2

Grade

Answer 2

General category of deliverable, indicates common function but different technical specs
E.g. different grades of bolts

Question 3

Definition of Done

Answer 3

(Agile)
At project, release, and story levels

Question 4

Gold plating

Answer 4

Extra functions, higher grad components, etc.
Usually what project team thinks customer will value, but is outside of scope.

Question 5

Prevention over inspection

Answer 5

Quality must be planned in, not inspected in

Question 6

Continuous improvement

Answer 6

Kaizen - technically improving through change, but treated as synonymous
Total Quality Mgmt (TQM) - continuous improvement approach

Question 7

Just in Time (JIT)

Answer 7

Avoids waste of excess inventory, and mgmt of that inventory

Question 8

Quality management process

Answer 8

Ensuring project is completed according to project requirements

Question 9

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 9

(Data analysis)
Cost of quality

Question 10

Cost of Quality (COQ)

Answer 10

(Data analysis)
Conformance: training, studies, measurements, response to feedback, related communication
Nonconformance: rework, scrap, inventory, warranties, lost business

Question 11

Cost of non/conformance

Answer 11

Prevention - planned cost
Appraisal - during monitoring and controlling
Internal failure - found during inspection by customer
External failure - found after final product delivered

Question 12

Logical data models

Answer 12

(Data representation)
Describe quality needed on project, and connection to different elements

Question 13

Matrix diagrams

Answer 13

(Data representation)
Way to sort quality requirements and identify most critical ones

Question 14

Mind mapping

Answer 14

(Data representation)
Way to collect requirements and info, and illustrate impact on other areas

Question 15

Flowcharts

Answer 15

(Data representation)
e.g. SIPOC (supplier, input, process, output, and customer)

Question 16

Affinity diagrams

Answer 16

(Data representation)
Way to organize and group quality-related elements

Question 17

Cause-and-effect diagrams

Answer 17

(Data representation)
e.g. Fishbone, Ishikawa; shows possible causes grouped by category

Question 18

Histograms

Answer 18

(Data representation)
Show type and frequency of issues

Question 19

Scatter diagrams

Answer 19

(Data representation)
Shows datapoints related to two variables

Question 20

Test and inspection planning

Answer 20

How to confirm that required quality levels are being met

Question 21

Quality management plan

Answer 21

What “quality” is for the project, and how to deliver that; also plans to improve efficiency and prevent problems

Question 22

Quality metrics

Answer 22

Define how quality is to be measured

Question 23

Alternatives analysis

Answer 23

(Data analysis)
E.G. build-or-buy

Question 24

Design of experiments (DOE)

Answer 24

(Data analysis)
Related to alternatives analysis
Quantitative testing to see the impact of different variables on quality

Question 25

Audits

Answer 25

Ensure that project is aligned with requirements; also can provide lessons learned for organization-wide benefit

Question 26

Design for X (DfX)

Answer 26

Approach that looks at how to optimize for X (e.g. quality, security, reliability, etc.)

Question 27

Test and evaluation documents

Answer 27

(Output of Manage Quality) Identified/crated in Manage Quality Used in Control Quality

Question 28

Quality reports

Answer 28

(Output of Manage Quality) Interpret and document results of Manage and also Control Quality

Question 29

Checklists

Answer 29

(Data gathering) Used to confirm completion of steps, find defects, measure acceptability, etc.

Question 30

Checksheets

Answer 30

(Data gathering) Subtype of checklist; can track data like occurrence of each type of defect

Question 31

Control charts

Answer 31

(Tool/Technique) Used to determine whether a process's results are within acceptable limits

Question 32

Statistical sampling

Answer 32

(Data gathering) Sampling a significant number of deliverables to estimate overall quality for the project

Question 33

Performance reviews

Answer 33

(Data gathering) Formal process; compares actual results with metrics in quality mgmt plan

Question 34

Inspections

Answer 34

(Data gathering) Or "audits", "walkthroughs"; can include following-up on outcome of previous changes

Question 35

Control Quality outputs

Answer 35

Quality control measurements Verified deliverables Change requests

Question 36

Cost of change

Answer 36

(Agile) Change becomes increasingly costly as the project progresses

Question 37

Iterative and incremental development

Answer 37

(Agile) Daily feedback loop to maintain control of quality

Question 38

Frequent verification and validation

Answer 38

(Agile) Use of regular testing and reviews to ensure customer's needs are being met

Question 39

Iteration planning meeting

Answer 39

(Agile) Creates plan for the upcoming iteration/sprint

Question 40

Daily standup meeting

Answer 40

(Agile) What done since last meeting? What working on today? Any issues or impediments to progress?

Question 41

Retrospectives

Answer 41

(Agile) What is going well? What could use improvement? What should be done differently?