Research Methods: Validity

Question 1

External Validty

Answer 1

hoe conclusion of a study can be generalised across places, people, and time

Question 2

External Validity: 3 types

Answer 2

• Population: generalised to groups of people
• Temporal Validty: generalised to other time periods
• ecological validity: generalised to situation outside the reseach setting -> mundane realised (reseach is reflected of real life)

Question 3

Internal Validity: three types

Answer 3

• Face Validity
• Concorrunt Valdity
• Predicitve

Question 4

Face Validity

Answer 4

• does the methods used actually seem to measure what is intended
• assessed: independent experts looks at the measures to see if it will measure what it is setting out to

Question 5

Concurrent Valdidity

Answer 5

• how well does the measure agree with existing measures
• asses: comparing new procedures with ones where Valdidity has already been established -> +.8

Question 6

Predictive Validity

Answer 6

• is the measure associated with future behavours
• assessed: not usuing reaserch done so long ago that the reseach would have got differn results

Question 7

Improving Validity: experiments

Answer 7

• controll groups: makes sure the IV does effect the DV
• standardisation of variables, single and double blind

Question 8

Improving Validity: Questionnair

Answer 8

• Lie Scale: questions in a test which test for social desirability bias
• anonymity

Question 9

Improving Validity: Qualitative methods

Answer 9

• more ecological validity bc in depth
• Interpretive Valdity: interpretations have to match the participants reality -> use direct quotes -> multiple sources and triangulation

Question 10

Threats to Validity: situational variables

Answer 10

• effect the IV eg distractions
• overcome: standardisation

Question 11

Threats to Validity: Participanrs variables

Answer 11

• differences in participants cause the DV to change, not the IV
• overcome: repeated measures design

Question 12

Threats to Validity: Investigator Effecsts

Answer 12

• leading questions can alter responses
• overcome: double blind

Question 13

Threats to Validity: Demand Char

Answer 13

• the structure of the experiment can lead participants to guess the aims and alter
• overcome: create situation where cant guess

Question 14

Threats to Validity: Participants effects

Answer 14

• participants being overly helpful or spiteful
• overcome: no demand char