Thinking Geographically - Spatial Interactions (AP TEST REVIEW)

Question 1

What is a central place?

Answer 1

It is any node of human activity. They are most often the centers of economic exchange.

Question 2

Where are markets usually located?

Answer 2

Markets are often located at transportation nodes as they provide accessibility to and from markets.

Question 3

Where are market centers usually located?

Answer 3

Market centers tend to be centrally located within the larger economic region.

Question 4

Who developed Central Place Theory?

Answer 4

Christaller developed Central Place Theory.

Question 5

What is the Central Place Theory?

Answer 5

It is an abstract spatial model. It is also a geographical theory that explains the size, number, and distribution of human settlements in a hierarchical manner. It suggests that cities and towns serve as ‘central places’ providing services to surrounding areas based on their size, with larger centers offering more diverse services while smaller places offer fewer services. This theory helps to understand urban development, economic interactions, and the spatial organization of settlements.

Question 6

What are some general rules to remember about core and periphery?

Answer 6

-Many different activities display some sort of core and periphery relationship.
-Similar to the CBD as the core of the urban landscape.
-The core DOES NOT have to be in the exact center of the peripheral region.

Question 7

What is an example of core and periphery?

Answer 7

The Mormon culture region in the western U.S. is an example of core and periphery. The core is the Wasatch Front (highest concentration of Later Day Saints [LDS]). There is still significant LDS population is Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona, Idaho, and Oregon, but that is the periphery, not the core.

Question 8

What are the different types of spatial patterns?

Answer 8

Clusters, agglomeration, random pattern, scattered, linear, sinuous, and land survey patterns are the different types of spatial patterns.

Question 9

What is a cluster spatial pattern?

Answer 9

It is when things are grouped together on the Earth’s surface.

Question 10

What is an agglomeration spatial pattern?

Answer 10

It is when clustering occurs purposefully around a cultural point or an economic growth pole.

Question 11

What is a random pattern?

Answer 11

It is when there is no rhyme or reason to the distribution of a spatial phenomenon.

Question 12

What is a scattered pattern?

Answer 12

It is when objects that are normally ordered appear dispersed.

Question 13

What is a linear pattern?

Answer 13

It is a pattern that is in a straight line.

Question 14

What is a sinuous pattern?

Answer 14

It is a pattern that is wavy (heartbeats on an EKG).

Question 15

What do land survey patterns do?

Answer 15

They affect property lines and political boundaries.

Question 16

What are the different types of land survey patterns?

Answer 16

The different types are metes and bounds; township and range; and Long lots.

Question 17

What are metes and bounds?

Answer 17

They are when natural landscape features divide the land.

Question 18

What is township and range?

Answer 18

It is based upon latitude and longitude (rectilinear).

Question 19

What are long lots?

Answer 19

They are a narrow frontage along a round of waterway with a very long lot shape behind.

Question 20

What are the different types of density?

Answer 20

The different types of density are arithmetic density, physiologic density, and agricultural density.

Question 21

What is arithmetic density?

Answer 21

It is the number of things per square unit of distance.

Question 22

What is physiologic density?

Answer 22

It is the number of people per square unit of arable land.

Question 23

What does arable mean?

Answer 23

Arable means land that is either actively formed or has the potential to be.

Question 24

What is agricultural density?

Answer 24

Agricultural density refers only to the number of farmers per square unit of arable land.

Question 25

What does diffuse mean?

Answer 25

Diffuse means to spread across the Earth's surface.

Question 26

What is a heath?

Answer 26

A heath is a point of origin or place of innovation.

Question 27

What are the different types of diffusion?

Answer 27

The different types of diffusion are expansion diffusion (hierarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion, stimulus diffusion) and relocation diffusion.

Question 28

What is expansion diffusion?

Answer 28

Expansion diffusion originates in a central place and expands outwards in all directions (not always equidistant).

Question 29

What is hierarchical diffusion?

Answer 29

Hierarchical diffusion originates in a first-order location and then moves down to a second-order location to subordinate locations at increasingly local scales.

Question 30

What is contagious diffusion?

Answer 30

Contagious diffusion begins at a point of origin and moves outward to nearby locations, especially these on adjoining transportation lines. This type of diffusion could describe a disease, or news in rural regions.

Question 31

What is stimulus diffusion?

Answer 31

Stimulus diffusion is when a general concept diffuses and is then adapted to suit the cultural norms of its new location, while still keeping the original concept. McDonald's in India is an example, as is SNL UK.

Question 32

What is relocation diffusion?

Answer 32

Relocation diffusion is when an idea begins at point of origin and crosses a significant physical barrier before relocating on the other side, often influenced or modified by the journey.