What are the two main features of human behavior?
Culture and Economy
What is a place?
A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.
What is a region?
An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics.
How are all locations interrelated?
Scale, Space, and Connection
What is Scale?
The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.
What is Space?
The physical gap or interval between two objects.
What is Connection?
The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
What is a map?
A two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it.
What are the two purposes of a map?
Reference tool or communications tool
What is cartography?
The art of mapmaking
What is GIScience (geographic information science)?
The analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.
What does GIScience do?
Produces maps that are more accurate and attractive than those drawn by hand
What is photogrammetry?
The science of taking measurements of Earth’s surface from photographs
How does GIScience help geographers?
It helps them create more accurate and complex maps and measure changes over time in the characteristics of places.
What is GPS (global positioning system)?
A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth
What is GPS used for?
Navigation
What is a mental map?
A personal representation of a portion of Earth’s suface
What is map scale?
The relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth
What two decisions must a cartographer make?
How much of Earth’s surface to depict on the map (map scale) and how to transfer a spherical Earth to a flat map (projection)
What is projection?
The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map.
What are the four types of distortion?
The shape of the area; the distance between two points; the relative size of different areas; the direction