Acculturation
The process in which individuals or groups from one culture adpot the traits and social patterns of another culutre while still reatining some aspects of their original culture
Assimilation
The process through which indiividauls or gorups from one culture adpot the customs, values, and behaviors of another culture, often leading to a loss of their original cultural identity
Centripetal Force
Serves to unify and stablize a state, promotin gnational cohesion and a sense of belonging among its citizens
Centrifugal Force
REfers to the factors that push people and regions within a state apart, creating division and potential conflicts
Culture
Defined as a particular group’s material characteristics, behavioral aptterns, beliefs, social norms, and attitudes taht are shared and transmitted
Cultural Adaptation
Refers to the process by which individuals or groups adjust and modify heir culutral lifestyles in response to new environments or influences
Cultural Region
A geographic area where people share similar cultural traits, such as language, religion, customs, and tradition
Cultural Shutterbelt
A region where diverse cultural groups, often with conflicting interests, coexist and interact, leading to significant cultural fragmentation and tension
Maladaptive Diffusion
The process through wich a cultural trait or innovation spreads to a new area or populaion but becomes less useful or even harmful in that new context
Folk Culture
REfers to the traditional practices, customs, and beliefs of small, homogenous groups of people, often in rural areas, that have been passed down through generations
Folklore
The traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a commuinty, passed down through the generations by word of mouth
Material Culture
Culture you can see and feel; objects
Nonmaterial Culture
Beliefs, spoken langugae, religion
Popular Culture
Refers to the set of ideas, practices, beliefs, and objects that are prevalent and widely accepted within mainstream society at a given time
Creole
A blend of two languages
Pidgin
A simplified standard language
Indo-European
A family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Euorp
Dialect
A regional variation of a language
Balto Slavic Language
A language group comprising of the Beltic and Slavic subgroups of the Indo-European language family
Isogloss
A geographic boundary taht sepeartes different linguistic features, such as dialects or language varitations, within a specific region
Language Family
A group of languages that are related through descent from a common ancestral language, known as a proto-languag
Lingua Franca
A language that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages
Official Language
A langauge designated by law or policy to be used in government functions, including legislation, administration, and foficial commnicatiosn
Developing Language
Vernacular; has a literary tradition