Unit Four (Assigned) Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

Acculturation

A

The process in which individuals or groups from one culture adpot the traits and social patterns of another culutre while still reatining some aspects of their original culture

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

The process through which indiividauls or gorups from one culture adpot the customs, values, and behaviors of another culture, often leading to a loss of their original cultural identity

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3
Q

Centripetal Force

A

Serves to unify and stablize a state, promotin gnational cohesion and a sense of belonging among its citizens

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4
Q

Centrifugal Force

A

REfers to the factors that push people and regions within a state apart, creating division and potential conflicts

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5
Q

Culture

A

Defined as a particular group’s material characteristics, behavioral aptterns, beliefs, social norms, and attitudes taht are shared and transmitted

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6
Q

Cultural Adaptation

A

Refers to the process by which individuals or groups adjust and modify heir culutral lifestyles in response to new environments or influences

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7
Q

Cultural Region

A

A geographic area where people share similar cultural traits, such as language, religion, customs, and tradition

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8
Q

Cultural Shutterbelt

A

A region where diverse cultural groups, often with conflicting interests, coexist and interact, leading to significant cultural fragmentation and tension

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9
Q

Maladaptive Diffusion

A

The process through wich a cultural trait or innovation spreads to a new area or populaion but becomes less useful or even harmful in that new context

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10
Q

Folk Culture

A

REfers to the traditional practices, customs, and beliefs of small, homogenous groups of people, often in rural areas, that have been passed down through generations

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11
Q

Folklore

A

The traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a commuinty, passed down through the generations by word of mouth

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12
Q

Material Culture

A

Culture you can see and feel; objects

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13
Q

Nonmaterial Culture

A

Beliefs, spoken langugae, religion

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14
Q

Popular Culture

A

Refers to the set of ideas, practices, beliefs, and objects that are prevalent and widely accepted within mainstream society at a given time

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15
Q

Creole

A

A blend of two languages

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16
Q

Pidgin

A

A simplified standard language

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17
Q

Indo-European

A

A family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Euorp

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18
Q

Dialect

A

A regional variation of a language

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19
Q

Balto Slavic Language

A

A language group comprising of the Beltic and Slavic subgroups of the Indo-European language family

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20
Q

Isogloss

A

A geographic boundary taht sepeartes different linguistic features, such as dialects or language varitations, within a specific region

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21
Q

Language Family

A

A group of languages that are related through descent from a common ancestral language, known as a proto-languag

22
Q

Lingua Franca

A

A language that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages

23
Q

Official Language

A

A langauge designated by law or policy to be used in government functions, including legislation, administration, and foficial commnicatiosn

24
Q

Developing Language

A

Vernacular; has a literary tradition

25
Vigorous Language
Spoken and used daily; no literary tradition
26
Artificial Language
A language for everyone to speak that doesn't evolve naturally
27
Animisim
The belief that objects, places, and creatures posess a spiritual essence, making them alive in a way
28
Autonmous
A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally
29
Atheism
A philosophical belief that no dieties exist
30
Agnosticism
The philosophical belief that the existance of God or the divine is unknown or unknowable
31
Buddhism
Hearth and Diffusion: Spread from India to much of Asia by the influence of healers and wonderworkers Who Created?: Siddartha Guatama Key Believes: Buddhists look within themselves for the truth and understanding of Buddha's teachings
32
Pilgrimage
A journey to a sacred place or shirne that hlds religious significance, often undertaken by individuals or groups seeking spiritual growth, fuffilment, or penance
33
CHristianity
Hearth and Diffusion: Started in Jerusalem and spread globally through emmigration Who Created?: Jesus is associated Key Believes: Jesus Christ was the Son of God - fully human nad devine - and that through believing in him and following his teachings they can inherit eternal life
34
Confucianism
Hearth and Diffusion: Its hearth is Eastern China and it spread to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam through emmigration Who Created?: Confucius Key Believes: Harmony between humans, justice, respect for one's elders, and loyalty to one's family and friends
35
Doctrine
Refers to a set of beliefs, principals, or teachings that are held and promoted by a reilgion
36
Ethinci Religion
One is a member by virtue of ebing born into it. It is closely tied to culture and ethnic heritage
37
Fundamentalism
Refers to a strict adherence to the basic prinicpals or essential doctrines of a religion, often with an emphasis on the literal interpretation of sacred texts and a rejection of modern, progressive, or liberal influences
38
Hajj
An annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that every muslim is required to perform at least once in their lifetime if they are physically and financially able to
39
Hinduism
Hearth and Diffusion: THe idnus river valley is the heath of Hinduism and it diffused by emmigration Who Created?: It is associaed with ___ Key Believes: A human being's basic nature is not confined to the body or the mind
40
Islam
Hearth and Diffusion: Arabian Peninsula, trade Who Created?: Muhammad Key Believes: One God , holy books, prophets ,Day of Judgement
41
Judaism
Hearth and Diffusion: Started in Canaan and spread through trade and migration Who Created?: Moses Key Believes: They believe in the TOrah, which was the whole of the laws given to the Israelistes at Sinai. They beleive they must follow God's laws which govern daily life.
42
Monotheism
A belief system that recognizes and worhsips only one diety or god
43
Polytheism
THe belief in or worship of multiple deities, often representing various aspects of life and nature
44
Proselytic Religion
A universalizing rleigion that tries to convert others to practice
45
Reincarnation
The belief that after deaht, a person's soul is reborn into a new body, continuing the cycle of life, death, and rebirth
46
Syncretic Religin
REfers to the blenidng of different beliefs, practices, and cultural elements to form a new, cohesive sytem
47
Secularism
The principal of separting religion form political, social, and educational instructions, promoting a society where religious beliefs do not influence public policy or goernance
48
Shamanism
A spiritual practice that involves a practicioner, nkown as a shaman, who acts as an intermediary between the human and the spirt world
49
Sharia Law
A system of Islamic law derived from the Quaran and Hadith, governing both personal conduct and legal matters for muslims
50
Theocracy
A form of gvenrment in which religious leaders control the gov., and religious lawas are used to govenr the state
51
Universalizing
Believe systems that seek to be applicable to all people, regardless of culture or location, and catively promote the idea of spreading their faith.