THRA.22

Question 1

Give the development of embryonic muscle

Answer 1

Mesodermal somite cells → mesenchymal stem cells → embryonic muscle

Question 2

Function of muscles

Answer 2

Convert chemical energy into mechanical energy

Question 3

Give the three types of muscle

Answer 3

• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Skeletal

Question 4

Give the divisions of a skeletal muscle

Answer 4

• Tendon of insertion
• Muscle belly
• Tendon of origin

Question 5

Muscles are surrounded by…

Answer 5

Epimysium + epitendineum

(Fibrous connective tissue)

Question 6

Vessels enter muscle at the…

Answer 6

Hilus

Question 7

M. unipennatus

Answer 7

Muscle with:

• Two parallel tendon sheaths
• Fibres oblique to the line of force

Question 8

M. bipennatus

Answer 8

Muscle with:

• Double tendon sheaths
• Fibres oblique to the line of force

Question 9

M. multipennatus

Answer 9

Muscle with:

• Multiple tendon sheaths
• Fibres oblique to the line of force

Question 10

List the classifications of skeletal muscle

Answer 10

• Flexor
• Extensor
• Adductor
• Abductor
• Sphincter
• Dilator
• Levator
• Depressor
• Rotator
  
  • Supinator
  • Pronator

(D_[a]DS EARFLAPS)

Question 11

Which structures passively support muscles?

Answer 11

• Fascia
• Septa intermuscularia
• Bursae synoviales
• Vaginae synoviales tendinum

Question 12

List the major cutaneous muscles

Answer 12

• Platysma
• M. cutaneus colli
• M. cutaneus faciei
• M. cutaneus trunci
• M. sphincter colli profundus
• M. sphincter colli superficialis
• M. frontalis
• M. interscutularis
• M. parotideoauriculatis
• Mm. preputiales cran et caud
• M. supramammarius cranialis et caudalis

Question 13

M. cutaneus colli

Answer 13

• Eq/Ru/Su
• Over jugular groove
• Twitch skin of the neck

Question 14

M. cutaneus faciei

Answer 14

• Eq/Ru
• Continuation of m.cutaneus colli
• Covers m. masseter
• Tenses the skin of the face + lips

Question 15

M. cutaneus trunci

Answer 15

• Lateral part of the trunk, caudal to shoulder
• Twitches the skin of the trunk

Question 16

M. frontalis

Answer 16

• Ca/Su/Ru
• Over the temporal + frontal bone
• Moves the skin over the forehead

Question 17

M. interscutularis

Answer 17

• Attaches to the cartilago scutiformis of the ear
• Draws the base of the ear medially

Question 18

Mm. preputiales cran. et caud.

Answer 18

• From the ostium of the prepuce to the wall of the prepuce
• Pulls the prepuce over the penis for urination

Question 19

M. sphincter colli profundus

Answer 19

• Ca
• From masseteric and parotid regions
• Moves skin of face and cheek

Question 20

M. sphincter colli superficialis

Answer 20

• Ca
• From sternum to the mandible
• Tense the skin of the neck

Question 21

M. supramammarius cran. et caud.

Answer 21

• Allows twitching of the skin over the mammae

Question 22

Platysma

Answer 22

• Ca/Su
• Primary muscle of facial expression

Question 23

M. parotideoauricularis

Answer 23

• Allows movement of the ear
  
  • For facial expression
  • For focus of hearing