THRA.30

Question 1

Answer 1

Caudal Mesenteric Artery

Question 2

Answer 2

Caudal Renal Vein

Question 3

Answer 3

Caudal Renal Portal Vein

Question 4

Answer 4

External Iliac Vein

Question 5

Answer 5

Common Iliac Vein

Question 6

Answer 6

Caudal Renal Vein

Question 7

Answer 7

Cranial Renal Vein

Question 8

Answer 8

Cranial Renal Portal Vein

Question 9

Answer 9

Ischiadic Vein

Question 10

Answer 10

Afferent Veins

Question 11

Answer 11

Caudal Mesenteric Vein

Question 12

Answer 12

Interiliac Anastomosis

Question 13

Answer 13

Internal Iliac Vein

Question 14

Answer 14

Median Sacral Artery

Question 15

Answer 15

Descending Aorta

Question 16

Answer 16

Internal Iliac Artery

Question 17

Answer 17

Caudal Renal Artery

Question 18

Answer 18

Ischiadic Foramen

Question 19

Answer 19

Ischiadic Artery

Question 20

Answer 20

Middle Renal Artery

Question 21

Answer 21

External Iliac Artery

Question 22

Answer 22

Efferent Veins

Question 23

Answer 23

Coeliac Artery

Question 24

Answer 24

Cranial Mesenteric Artery

Question 25

Answer 25

Cranial Renal Artery

Question 26

Answer 26

Caudal Vena Cava

Question 27

Answer 27

Renal Portal Valve

Question 30

Answer 30

Gelatinous Body

Question 56

Describe the blood flow furing rest

Answer 56

Blood passes **caudally** through **afferent veins** to the **kidney**

Question 57

Where most animals have intercostal arteries, birds have...

Answer 57

Intersegmental Arteries

Question 59

Which nerve is found between the middle and caudal liver sector?

Answer 59

Isciadic Nerve

Question 60

Can renal portal circulation be found in non-flying birds?

Answer 60

Yes

Question 61

The bird cerebrum lacks...

Answer 61

Gyri

Question 62

Which part of the brain is well developed in birds?

Answer 62

Cerebellum ## Footnote *in order to control flight*

Question 63

Unlike in mammals, bird cranial nerves have...

Answer 63

Complete decussation ## Footnote *Mammals have semi-decussation*

Question 64

Describe the avian medulla spinalis

Answer 64

* Similar to mammals until S₁ * At S₂ , canalis centralis travels dorsally * to the substantia grisea * It is encapsulated by corpus gelatinosa

Question 65

Avian brachial plexus is divided into...

Answer 65

* Fasciculus dorsalis → Extensor muscles * Fasciculus ventralis → Flexor muscles

Question 66

Why can kidney stones cause limping in birds?

Answer 66

* The kidney is adjacent to the ischiadic nerve * Stones cause pressure on the nerve and therefore pain

Question 67

Marek's disease

Answer 67

* α-herpes virus * Causes enlargement of the ischiadic nerve