THRA.23

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Give the short ligaments of the spine

Answer 6

• Ligg. interarcules/ligg. flava
• Ligg. intertransversaria
• Ligg. interspinalia

Question 7

Give the long ligaments of the spine

Answer 7

• Lig. longitudinale dorsale et ventrale
• Lig. supraspinale
• Lig. dorsoscapulare (Eq)
• Lig. nuchae (øFe/Su)
  
  • Funiculus nuchae
  • Lamina nuchae (øCa)

Question 8

List the hypaxial muscles

Answer 8

• M. longus coli
• M. scalenus:
  
  • dorsalis (Ø Eq)
  • medius
  • ventralis (ØCa)
• M. psoas major et minor
• M. quadratus lumborum
• M. iliacus (med et lat)

Question 9

Epaxial muscles can be divided into…

Answer 9

• Superficial epaxial muscles
• Deep epaxial muscles

Question 10

List the superficial epaxial muscles

Answer 10

• Mm. trapezius pars cervicalis et thoracica
• Mm. rhomboideus:
  
  • capitis (Ca/Su)
  • cervicis
  • thoracis
• M. latissimus dorsi
• M. splenius

Question 11

List the lateral group of the deep epaxial muscles

Answer 11

• M. iliocostalis:
  
  • cervicis
  • thoracis
  • lumborum
• M. longissimus
  
  • capitis
  • atlantis
  • cervicis
  • thoracis et lumborum

Question 12

List the spinalis system of the medial group of the deep epaxial muscles

Answer 12

• Spinalis system
  
  • M. spinalis cervicis et thoracis
  • Mm. interspinales (Ca/Su)

Question 13

List the transversospinalis system of the medial group of the deep epaxial muscles

Answer 13

• Mm. multifidi
• Mm. rotatores
• Mm. intertransversarii
• M. semispinalis cervicis et thoracis
• M. semispinalis capitis
  
  • M. biventer cervicis
  • M. complexus

Question 14

Which muscle group is shown?

Answer 14

Mm. transversospinales

Question 15

Which muscle group is shown?

Answer 15

Mm. longissimi

Question 16

Which muscle group is shown?

Answer 16

Mm. iliocostales

Question 17

What do these muscle groups make up?

Answer 17

Mm. erector spinae

Question 18

M. longus colli

• Origin
• Insertion

Answer 18

Origin: C₂

Insertion: T₅

Question 19

M. scalenus ventralis

• Origin
• Insertion

Answer 19

ØCa

Origin: C₃-C₆

Insertion: R₁

Question 20

Interspecies difference:

M. rhomboideus capitis

Answer 20

Ca/Su

Question 21

M. iliocostalis cervicis

• Origin
• Insertion

Answer 21

Origin: Cranial Th spine

Insertion: C₇

Question 22

M. iliocostalis thoracis

• Origin
• Insertion

Answer 22

• Origin: Ribs
• Insertion: C₆-C₇ + Ribs

Question 23

M. iliocostalis lumborum

• Origin
• Insertion

Answer 23

• Origin: Crista iliaca + L spine
• Insertion: Last rib

Question 24

M. longissimus capitis

• Origin
• Insertion

Answer 24

• Origin: C₅-T₄
• Insertion: Mastoid proc.

Question 25

**M. longissimus atlantis** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 25

* **Origin:** C₅-T₄ * **Insertion:** Ala atlantis

Question 26

**M. longissimus cervicis** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 26

* **Origin:** T₁-T₈ * **Insertion:** C₃-C₇

Question 27

**M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 27

**Origin:** Sacral, lumbar, thoracic vertebrae + Ilium **Insertion:** Thoracic column + ribs

Question 28

**M. spinalis cervicis et thoracis** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 28

* **Origin:** M. longissimus + spinous processes * **Insertion:** Spinous processes until C₄

Question 29

**M. interspinales** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 29

**Ca/Su** **Origin:** C₇-S₁ spinous processes **Insertion:** Spinous process of the next vertebra

Question 30

**Mm. multifidi** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 30

* **Origin:** C₃-S₁ * **Insertion:** Spinous process of vertebrae

Question 31

**Mm. rotatores** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 31

* **Origin:** C + T spine * **Insertion:** Cranial vertebrae

Question 32

**Mm. intertransversarii** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 32

* **Origin:** Transverse process * **Insertion:** Next transverse process All along the spine

Question 33

**M. semispinalis cervicis et thoracis** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 33

* **Origin:** Th spine (Trans. proc) * **Insertion:** C₆-T₆ (Spin. proc.)

Question 34

**M. biventer cervicis** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 34

* **Origin:** T₂-T₄ * **Insertion:** Crista nuchae

Question 35

**M. complexus** * Origin * Insertion

Answer 35

* **Origin:** C₃-T₁ * **Insertion:** Crista nuchae