THRC.7

Question 1

The tracts of the CNS can be divided into…

Answer 1

• Ascending pathways
• Descending pathways

Question 2

What are the divisions of the ascending pathways?

Answer 2

• Medial lemniscus
• Extra-lemniscal system

Question 3

List the ascending pathways

Answer 3

• Visual
• Vestibular + auditory
• Somatic afferent pathways

Question 4

The medial lemniscus can be divided into…

Answer 4

• Spinal lemniscus (trunk + limbs)
• Trigeminal lemniscus (sensory nerves of the head)

Question 5

The sensory neurons of the spinal lemniscus run along…

Answer 5

The dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord

Question 6

Answer 6

Decussation of lemniscus

Question 7

Answer 7

Medial lemniscus

Question 8

Answer 8

Cuneate nucleus

Question 9

Answer 9

Gracile nucleus

Question 10

Answer 10

Fasciculus gracilis

Question 11

Tracts from the caudal trunk + lumbosacral plexus are located…

Answer 11

• Medially:​
  
  • Fasciculus gracilis

Question 12

Tracts from the cranial trunk + brachial plexus are located…

Answer 12

• Laterally:
  
  • Cuneate fascicle

Question 13

Answer 13

Fasciculus cuneatus

Question 14

Answer 14

Optic nerve (CN-II)

Question 15

Answer 15

Thalamus

Question 16

Answer 16

Sensory area of neopallium

Question 17

Answer 17

Medial lemniscus

Question 18

Answer 18

Bulbothalmic tract

Question 19

Answer 19

Spinothalmic tract

Question 20

Answer 20

Pontine sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Question 21

Answer 21

Gracile + cuneate nucleus

Question 22

Where does the lateral-most tract terminate?

Answer 22

Nucleus cuneatus of dorsal medulla oblongata

Question 23

Where does the medial-most tract terminate?

Answer 23

Nucleus gracilis of dorsal medulla oblongata

Question 24

Where does the medial lemniscus join with sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 24

The brain stem

Question 25

Which tract is formed by the extra-lemniscal system?

Answer 25

Spinothalamic tract

Question 26

Give the termination pathway of the spinothalamic tract

Answer 26

1. Neurons of the dorsal horns (close to spinal root) → 2. White matter → Ventrolateral funiculi 3. Thalamus 4. Some tertiary neurons project more rostrally

Question 27

Pathway of proprioceptive information to the brain

Answer 27

1. Receptors in tendons + muscles 2. Dorsal horn → Cerebellum *(via spinocerebellar tracts)*

Question 28

Answer 28

Optic chiasm

Question 29

Answer 29

Optic tract

Question 30

Answer 30

Optic thalamus

Question 31

Answer 31

Visual cortex

Question 32

Answer 32

Rostral colliculus

Question 33

Answer 33

Pituitary gland

Question 34

Give the pathway of the optic tract

Answer 34

* Eyes → Optic chiasm * Optic tract: * → Optic thalamus * → Rostral colliculus * Visual cortex → Rostral colliculus

Question 35

Where is the visual cortex located?

Answer 35

Occipital lobe

Question 36

Which system is shown?

Answer 36

Medial lemniscal system

Question 37

What is shown?

Answer 37

Vestibular + auditory pathway

Question 38

Answer 38

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN-VIII)

Question 39

Answer 39

Vestibulocochlear nuclei

Question 40

Answer 40

Caudal colliculus

Question 41

Answer 41

Rostral colliculus

Question 42

Answer 42

Acoustic area

Question 43

Answer 43

Medial geniculate nucleus

Question 44

Answer 44

Lateral lemniscus nucleus

Question 45

Location of _primary_ neurones concerned with the vestibular + auditory pathways

Answer 45

* Spiral ganglion * Vestibular ganglion * Cochlea

Question 46

The vestibulocochlear nerve enters the...

Answer 46

Trapezoid body

Question 47

Fibres leading to the temporal lobe are associated with which sense?

Answer 47

Conscious perception

Question 48

List the descending pathways

Answer 48

* Somatic motor pathways * Lower motor neurons * Upper motor neurons * Pyramidal system * Extrapyramidal system

Question 49

Location of _lower_ motor neurons

Answer 49

* Ventral column of the grey matter (Spinal cord) * Motor nuclei of the cranial nerves

Question 50

Function of lower motor neurons

Answer 50

* Simple reflexes * Controlled by upper motor neurons

Question 51

Location of _upper_ motor neurons

Answer 51

* Neopallium * Red nucleus

Question 52

The connection of the upper and lower motor neurons are grouped into which descending pathways?

Answer 52

* Pyramidal system * Extrapyramidal system

Question 53

Function of: * Pyramidal system * Extrapyramidal system

Answer 53

* Pyramidal system: Finely adjusted movement * Extrapyramidal system: Coarse movement

Question 54

What is shown?

Answer 54

The pyramidal system

Question 55

Answer 55

Motor area of neopallium

Question 56

Answer 56

Corticostriate tract

Question 57

Answer 57

Corticorubral tract

Question 58

Answer 58

Striate body

Question 59

Answer 59

Red nucleus

Question 60

Answer 60

Oculomotor nuclei

Question 61

Answer 61

Motor nuclei of the spinal cord

Question 62

Structure of the extrampyramidal system

Answer 62

* Multisynaptic pathways * Originate from: * Corpus striatum * Subthalamic nuclei * Substantia nigra * Red nucleus

Question 63

Central autonomic nervous system is concerned with...

Answer 63

* Function of inner organs (viscera) * Inspiration, digestion, metabolism, temperature * Regulated by hypothalamus

Question 64

Pathway of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 64

1. Hypothalamus 2. Autonomic nuclei of the brain/spinal cord

Question 65

Hypothalamus receives information from almost all parts of the body via...

Answer 65

Mesencephalic nuclei

Question 66

Pathways of the central autonomic nervous system

Answer 66

* Visceral pathway * Afferent pathway * Efferent pathway * Sympathetic * Parasympathetic