Veterinary Anatomy Final Topics > THRA.7 > Flashcards

THRA.7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which structure do the following enclose:

  • Thoracic vertebrae
  • Sternum
  • Costae
A

Cavum thoracis

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2
Q

What is located at the cranial and caudal end of cavum thoracis?

A
  • Apertura thoracis cranialis
  • Apertura thoracis caudalis
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3
Q

What are characteristic of the thoracic vertebrae?

A
  1. Long spinous processes
  2. Short bodies
  3. Flattened extremities
  4. Short articular processes
  5. Short transverse processes
  6. Foveae for rib attachment
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4
Q

Name the pairs of fovea costalis

A
  1. Foveae costales cranialis
  2. Foveae costales caudales
  3. Foveae costales processus transversi
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5
Q
A

Fovea Costalis Cranialis

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6
Q
A

Fovea Costalis Processus Transversi

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7
Q
A

Fovea Costalis Caudalis

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8
Q
A

Facies Articularis Tuberculi Costae ↔ Fovea Costalis Processus Transversi

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9
Q
A

Facies articularis capitis costae cranialis ↔ Fovea costalis caudalis

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10
Q
A

Facies articularis capitis costae caudalis ↔ Fovea costalis cranialis

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11
Q

Which thoracic vertebra has a perpendicular spinous process to its body?

A

Vertebra anticlinalis

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12
Q

Give the number of thoracic vertebrae in each species

A

Eq: 18

Ru: 13-15

Ca: 12-14

Fe: 13-16

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13
Q

35

A

Arcus costalis

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14
Q

36

A

Spatium intercostale

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15
Q

37

A

Angulus arcuum costalium

Angle between right and left costal arches

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16
Q

6

A

Cartilago costalis

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17
Q

21

A

Genu costae

(Costochondral junction/Symphysis)

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18
Q

Which ribs articulate with the sternum?

A

The first 7-9 ribs

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19
Q

Name given to sternal/true ribs

A

Costae verae

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20
Q

Name given to asternal/false ribs

A

Costae spuriae

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21
Q

How do asternal ribs articulate with the sternum?

A

Indirectly, by uniting with the cartilage of the rib in front

(Forming arcus costalis)

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22
Q

Name the ribs which end caudally and freely in the musculature

A

Costae fluctuantes

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23
Q

Which species alway have the last pair of ribs floating?

A

Ca/Fe

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24
Q

Give the ratio of sternal:asternal ribs amongst the species

A

Eq: 8:10

Ru: 8:5

Ca: 9:4

Su: 7:8

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25
15
*Facies articularis tuberculi costae* | (Located on the tuberculum)
26
14
*Tuberculum costae*
27
11
*Collum costae*
28
10
*Crista capitis costae*
29
9
*Facies articularis capitis costae*
30
4
*Lig. capitis costae radiatum*
31
Which ligament attaches between the two *facies articularis capitis costae*
*Lig. capitis costae radiatum*
32
Moving caudally, the necs of the ribs become...
Shorter | (Except in Ru)
33
The region of the rib which is most strongly bent
*Angulus costae*
34
20
*Sulcus costae*
35
*Sulcus costae* hosts which structure(s)?
* Intercostal vessels * Spinal nerves
36
27
*Sternebrae*
37
30
*Incisurae costales*
38
Where is the attachment point of costal cartilages on the sternum?
*Incisurae costales*
39
The first pair of ribs articulate with which part of the sternum?
*Manubrium sterni*
40
Site between the xiphoid cartilage and the xiphoid process
Xiphosternal synchondrosis
41
What joins all the sternebrae together?
*Synchondrosis sternales*
42
24
*Cartilago manubrii* | (Absent/Small in Ru)
43
26
*Crista sterni* | (Eq)
44
Give the number of sternebrae accross the species
Eq: 7-8 Ru: 7 Ca: 8-9 Su: 6
45
The xiphoid cartilage caudally attaches to the...
*Linea alba*
46
As it reaches the thorax, *lig. nuchae* becomes
*Lig. supraspinale*
47
Which bursa is found between the *lig. supraspinale* and the 2nd/3rd/4th thoracic vertebrae?
*Bursa subligamentosa supraspinalis*
48
At Th3, the *lig. subligamentosa supraspinalis* thickens into...
*Pars cucullaris*
49
*Lig. longitudinale ventrale* extends between which two locations?
Th8/9 to the promontory of S1
50
At what point does the *lig. nuchae* become *lig. supraspinale*?
The *processus spinosus* of T1
51
Name the joint of the ribs and thoracic vertebrae
*Art. capitis costae*
52
Which part of the rib does the *discus intervertebralis* interact with?
The interarticular groove of the costal head ## Footnote *(Each junction has its own capsule)*
53
*Art. capitis costae* behaves like which kind of joint?
A restricted spheroidal joint
54
6
*Lig. intercapitale*
55
Describe the position of *lig. intercapitale*
1. From one head of the rib 2. Over the dorsal part of the intervertebral disc 3. Under the dorsal longitudinal ligament *(Seperated by a bursa)* 4. To the other rib
56
7
*Lig. longitudinale dorsale*
57
As well as securing ribs together, what is the other function of the *lig. intercapitale*?
To help prevent disc herniation ## Footnote *Why disc herniations are more common in the lumbar region*
58
7
*Art. costotransversaria* Between tuberculum and transverse process
59
Which kind of joint is *art. costotransversaria*?
Sliding synovial joint
60
9
*Lig. costotransversarium*
61
26
Art. costochondrales
62
Compare *art. costochondrales* accross the species
Ca/Eq: Junctions are symphysis Ru/Su: Firm joints
63
11
*Art. sternocostales*
64
What kind of joint is *art. sternocostales*?
Condylar Joint
65
23
*Art. synovialis manubriosternalis* | (Ru/Su)
66
14
*Lig. sterni* Divides in 3 in Eq (Sometimes absent in Ca)
67
List the expiratory respiratory muscles
1. *M. serratus dorsalis caudalis* 2. *M. retractor costae ultimae* 3. *M. transversus thoracis* 4. *Mm. intercostales interni* 5. *M. subcostalis*
68
List the inspiratory respiratory muscles
1. *M. rectus thoracis* 2. *Mm. intercostales externi* 3. *Mm. levatores costarum* 4. *M. scalenus dorsalis (Ø Eq)* 5. *M. scalenus medius* 6. *M. scalenus ventralis (Ø Ca)* 7. *M. serratus dorsalis cranialis* 8. *M. phrenicus*
69
M. Serratus Dorsalis Caudalis O: Caudal Superficial Layer of Fascia Thoracolumbalis I: Ribs 11-13 (Proximally) A: Expiration
70
M. Rectus Thoracis O: Rib 1 (Distally) I: Ventrally ribs 2-4 and Sternebrae 2-4 A: Inspiration
71
M. Scalenus Dorsalis (Ø Eq) O: C4-C6 Transverse Process I: Dorsally Situated: Ribs 1-4 Ventrally Situated: Ribs 1-9 A: Inspiration, Ventrolateral flexion of neck.
72
M. Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis O: Nuchal fascia, T1 - T7 Spinous Process I: Proximally on Ribs 2-10 A: Inspiration
73
M. Retractor Costae Ultimae O: L1 - L4 Transverse Process, Caudal Thoracolumar Fascia I: Last Rib (Caudally) A: Expriation
74
M. Levatores Costarum O: T1 - T12 Transverse Process I: Cranial Borders of angulus costae on the next Rib (Covered by Erector Spinae Muscles) A: Inspiration
75
M. Scalenus Medius O: C6 - C7 Transverse Process I: Cranial Border Rib 1 *(+2 in Ca)* A: Inspiration, Ventrolateral flexion of Neck
76
M. Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis O: Nuchal fascia, T1 - T7 Spinous Process I: Proximally on Ribs 2-10 A: Inspiration
77
M. Transversus Thoracis O: Inner surface of Sternum I: Rib 2-8 Costal Cartilages A: Expiration
78
M. Retractor Costae Ultimae O: L1 - L4 Transverse Process, Caudal Thoracolumar Fascia I: Last Rib (Caudally) A: Expriation
79
21
*M. scalenus ventralis* (Ø Ca) O: C3 - C6 transverse process I: Middle of R1 A: Flex neck ventrolaterally
80
M. subcostalis O/I: Ribs 9-11, internal surface A: Expiration
81
M. intercostales externi O: Sulcus muscularis costae I: Cranial border of next rib A: Inspiration
82
M. intercostalis interni O: Cranial border of one rib I: Caudal border of next rib A: Expiration
83
Direction of fibres used for expiration
Cranioventrally
84
Direction of fibres used for inspiration
Caudoventrally
Veterinary Anatomy Final Topics
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