What was the primary goal of the Grammar-Translation Method?
To develop intellectual discipline and access literature through grammatical analysis and translation.
Why is the Grammar-Translation Method weak for oral proficiency?
Spoken language is almost absent and focuses on reading aloud.
What types of activities dominate the Grammar-Translation Method?
Grammar explanations, translation exercises, vocabulary memorization.
What key belief underlies the Direct Method?
Language is best learned through listening and speaking like first-language acquisition.
How does the Direct Method present language?
Through contextualized, meaningful sentences without translation.
What limitation does the Direct Method have regarding correction?
It discouraged correction, leading to persistent errors.
Which psychological theory influenced the Audiolingual Method?
Behaviorism and structural linguistics.
What are typical activities in the Audiolingual Method?
Memorized dialogues, pattern drills, oral repetition.
What is a key criticism of the Audiolingual Method?
It limits creative language use and keeps learners at novice level.
What positive contributions came from the Audiolingual Method?
Focus on pronunciation, everyday language, cultural expressions.
What is the main idea behind the Cognitive Anti-Method?
Simulating natural, learner-controlled acquisition without explicit grammar.
How does the Cognitive Anti-Method view learner errors?
As natural and necessary.
What is the stance of the Cognitive Anti-Method on structure sequencing?
Structures don’t need a fixed sequence.
What distinguishes the Cognitive-Code Method from the Anti-Method?
It emphasizes conscious grammar understanding and meaningful learning.
What is the goal of the Cognitive-Code Method?
To develop native-like abilities through meaningful rule learning.
How does the Cognitive-Code Method use grammar?
As an underlying system to understand, not memorize.
What is the overarching goal of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
Developing communicative competence.
How does CLT view accuracy?
Accuracy is judged in context.
What types of activities are associated with CLT?
Information-gap tasks, games, interaction.
Does CLT allow the use of the native language?
Yes, when helpful.
What is the main principle of Total Physical Response (TPR)?
Listening develops before speaking through physical responses.
How does TPR reduce learner anxiety?
Uses movement in a low-stress environment.
What limitation does TPR have as a stand-alone method?
It lacks advanced accuracy and communication development.
What theory underlies the Natural Approach?
Krashen’s Second Language Acquisition Theory.
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