Topic 21

Question 1

In the context of didactic units, what are the six fundamental curricular questions teachers must answer?

Answer 1

What, when, and how to teach, and what, when, and how to assess.

Question 2

According to the provided text, what are the two main principles of good lesson planning?

Answer 2

Variety and flexibility.

Question 3

Before planning a unit, what three main areas must a teacher understand?

Answer 3

The profession (laws/curriculum), the environment (socio-cultural), and the pupils (needs/motivation).

Question 4

Which specific legal framework establishes the organization and curriculum for Primary Education in the Community of Madrid?

Answer 4

DECREE 61/2022, of July 13.

Question 5

In a didactic unit, what is the definition of ‘Specific Competences’?

Answer 5

Abilities required to perform activities or situations using the basic knowledge of each specific discipline.

Question 6

According to current educational legislation, how are ‘Contents’ or basic knowledge organized?

Answer 6

They are arranged into blocks of contents.

Question 7

Term: Learning Situations

Answer 7

Definition: Activities involving students deploying actions associated with key and specific skills to contribute to their development.

Question 8

At initial levels of Primary Education, which linguistic skills should be emphasized first?

Answer 8

Oral skills.

Question 9

What are the three stages used to divide teaching activities in a foreign language lesson?

Answer 9

Presentation, Practice, and Production.

Question 10

What is the primary role of the teacher during the Presentation stage?

Answer 10

Informant.

Question 11

In the Presentation stage, what is the purpose of the ‘marker sentence’?

Answer 11

To serve as a model for pupils to produce other similar sentences.

Question 12

Why is it important to correct mistakes during the initial Presentation stage?

Answer 12

To ensure pupils have a correct grasp of the new language from the start.

Question 13

What is the rationale behind the Practice stage in lesson planning?

Answer 13

A controlled framework allows pupils to memorize and assimilate new language while building confidence.

Question 14

What are the primary roles of the teacher during the Practice stage?

Answer 14

Conductor and corrector.

Question 15

What is the main role of the Production stage for the learner?

Answer 15

To experiment with language independently and integrate new learning with previously learnt language.

Question 16

How does a teacher’s intervention change during the Production stage?

Answer 16

The teacher should not intervene unless there are severe communication problems.

Question 17

Which grouping strategies are most suitable for the Production stage?

Answer 17

Pair work, group work, and mingle activities.

Question 18

When sequencing contents, what can teachers use as an ‘organizing element’ to structure progression?

Answer 18

Procedures (core content).

Question 19

In the development of capacity in Primary Education, _____ precedes production.

Answer 19

Understanding

Question 20

According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development characterized by logical reasoning about tangible objects are most Primary students in?

Answer 20

Concrete Operational Thought.

Question 21

What does the concept of ‘conservation of matter’ mean for a child in the concrete operational stage?

Answer 21

The ability to focus on and coordinate more than a single dimension of an object.

Question 22

Describe the ‘External Morality’ stage found in children between 5 and 10 years old.

Answer 22

Rules are viewed as inviolable instructions from figures of authority.

Question 23

Johnson (1982) proposed the _____ principle for activities involving extracting information from a text and reproducing it in another form.

Answer 23

Information transfer

Question 24

What is the difference between an ‘information gap’ and an ‘opinion gap’?

Answer 24

Information gap involves unknown facts, while opinion gap involves differences of opinion between speakers.

Question 25

Concept: Jigsaw Principle

Answer 25

Definition: A communicative task where each group has only part of a story and must communicate with others to complete the whole.

Question 26

The _____ principle in communicative methodology stresses the balance between accuracy and fluency.

Answer 26

Correction for content

Question 27

How did Hymes' concept of 'communicative competence' differ from Chomsky's 'competence'?

Answer 27

Hymes included 'rules of use' (social context) whereas Chomsky focused only on subconscious grammar rules.

Question 28

Name the four aspects of communicative competence distinguished by Hymes.

Answer 28

Systematic potential, Appropriacy, Occurrence, and Feasibility.

Question 29

According to Canale (1983), which component of communicative competence involves knowledge of sociocultural rules and discourse?

Answer 29

Sociolinguistic competence.

Question 30

Which component of Canale's model focuses on compensating for communication breakdowns?

Answer 30

Strategic competence.

Question 31

Concept: Discourse Competence

Answer 31

Definition: The ability to shape language purposefully in different genres using cohesion and coherence.

Question 32

What type of activities are used to identify pupils' conceptual successes or mistakes regarding target knowledge before a unit begins?

Answer 32

Activities for the detection of previous ideas.

Question 33

What is the purpose of 'Synthesis-summary' activities?

Answer 33

To facilitate relationships between different contents and provide a global approach to learning.

Question 34

For whom are 'Remedial activities' specifically planned?

Answer 34

Students who have not acquired the target knowledge.

Question 35

What is the purpose of 'Extension activities'?

Answer 35

To allow students who finished early to continue building new learning.

Question 36

In a foreign language classroom, what defines 'Activities on decisions and transactions'?

Answer 36

Activities aimed at solving problems, making decisions, exchanging information, or classroom management.

Question 37

What is the goal of 'Activities of personal reaction'?

Answer 37

Reading or listening tasks where students provide a personal response.

Question 38

True or False: Assessment in the foreign language area should be a final process rather than a continuous one.

Answer 38

False.

Question 39

What are the three types of assessment situations based on who is performing the assessment?

Answer 39

Hetero-assessment, co-assessment, and self-assessment.

Question 40

How should errors be treated in a communicative classroom according to the text?

Answer 40

As an essential part of learning; they should not be systematically corrected, only when they cause misunderstanding.

Question 41

Why can't communicative competence be measured by traditional tests?

Answer 41

Communicative competence requires interaction, unpredictability, and context, which traditional tests lack.

Question 42

According to Morales and Fernández (2022), what should be excluded from formative feedback to avoid distracting the student?

Answer 42

Grades.

Question 43

In assessment, what does 'Validity' refer to?

Answer 43

The degree to which a test measures exactly what it is intended to measure.

Question 44

What is 'Reliability' in the context of assessment activities?

Answer 44

The consistency or dependability of the assessment results.

Question 45

What are 'Specific Competences' meant to connect within the Spanish educational framework?

Answer 45

The exit profile (RD 157/2022) and the basic knowledge/assessment criteria of the area.

Question 46

What cognitive ability allows children to perform mental manipulations on objects in an integrated and systematic way?

Answer 46

Operations (as part of Concrete Operational Thought).

Question 47

In the Presentation stage, the step of 'Eliciting' refers to _____.

Answer 47

Getting the new language from the pupils rather than simply telling it to them.

Question 48

What is the primary function of language according to the communicative theory mentioned in the text?

Answer 48

Communication and social exchange.

Question 49

Johnson’s 'Task Dependency' principle implies that lessons should have _____.

Answer 49

Clear and precise goals and objectives.

Question 50

The 'Grammatical Competence' component of Canale’s model includes which four elements?

Answer 50

Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling.

Question 51

What is the 'Systematic Potential' aspect of Hymes' communicative competence?

Answer 51

The internal system a native speaker possesses that has the potential for creating language.

Question 52

What is the purpose of 'Activities for introduction and motivation'?

Answer 52

To engage student interest and show the utility of the upcoming work.

Question 53

According to the text, what does the assessment of a learning process evaluate besides pupil performance?

Answer 53

The teaching practice and the curriculum itself.

Question 54

Why is 'unpredictability' a necessary characteristic of a communicative test?

Answer 54

To allow pupils to improvise as they would in real-life communication.

Question 55

Term: Internal Morality

Answer 55

Definition: A stage where children understand that rules can be reasoned out, discussed, and changed by agreement.