Unit 1

Question 1

What is physiology?

Answer 1

The study of body function

Question 2

What is anatomy?

Answer 2

The study of body structure

Question 3

What is pathophysiology?

Answer 3

The study of what happens when the body fails to function

Question 4

What are vital signs?

Answer 4

Common indicators of health including body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory rate

Question 5

What is the normal body temperature?

Answer 5

37℃ (or 98.6 ℉)

Question 6

What physiological control regulates body temperature?

Answer 6

Thermoregulation

Question 7

What is considered a fever?

Answer 7

> 38.5℃

Question 8

What is hyperthermia?

Answer 8

> 40℃

Question 9

What is hypothermia?

Answer 9

<35℃

Question 10

What is the normal heart rate for adults?

Answer 10

50-80 bpm

Question 11

What equipment is used to measure heart rate?

Answer 11

Timer and stethoscope

Question 12

What physiological control regulates heart rate?

Answer 12

Brain stem

Question 13

What is the normal blood pressure value?

Answer 13

120 / 80 mmHg

Question 14

What equipment is used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 14

Sphygmomanometer

Question 15

What physiological controls regulate blood pressure?

Answer 15

Kidneys, hormones, brain, body-wide vessel diameter

Question 16

What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?

Answer 16

12-18 bpm

Question 17

What physiological control regulates respiratory rate?

Answer 17

Brain stem and vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)

Question 18

What is apnea?

Answer 18

Temporary cessation of breathing

Question 19

What is dyspnea?

Answer 19

Difficult or labored breathing

Question 20

What is the purpose of biomedical terminology?

Answer 20

To understand the vocabulary used in health care practice

Question 21

What are the structural levels of body organization?

Answer 21

• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Systems

Question 22

What is the smallest structural unit in the body?

Answer 22

Cell

Question 23

What are anatomical directions?

Answer 23

• Superior / inferior
• Anterior / posterior
• Medial / lateral
• Proximal / distal
• Superficial / deep

Question 24

What are the body planes?

Answer 24

• Sagittal (Midsagittal) plane
• Frontal (Coronal) plane
• Transverse plane

Question 25

What is homeostasis?

Answer 25

Relative constancy of the internal environment

Question 26

What is physiological adaptation?

Answer 26

The body’s ability to change in response to a stressor

Question 27

What is a negative feedback mechanism?

Answer 27

Reaction loops that oppose changes in controlled environments

Question 28

What is a positive feedback mechanism?

Answer 28

Reaction loops that react in a positive way with an end point

Question 29

What is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 29

Uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 30

What is adaptation failure?

Answer 30

Inability to maintain homeostasis leading to pathology or disease

Question 32

What does sagittal refer to?

Answer 32

Divides left and right.

Question 33

What is a parisagittal plane?

Answer 33

Parallel to sagittal.

Question 34

What does coronal refer to?

Answer 34

Divides front and back.

Question 35

What does transverse refer to?

Answer 35

Divides top and bottom.

Question 36

What does axial mean?

Answer 36

Aligned with center.

Question 37

What does appendicular refer to?

Answer 37

Ends or appendages.

Question 38

What does anterior mean?

Answer 38

Front of body.

Question 39

What does posterior mean?

Answer 39

Back of body.

Question 40

What does superior/cranial refer to?

Answer 40

Top.

Question 41

What does inferior/caudal mean?

Answer 41

Bottom.

Question 42

What does medial refer to?

Answer 42

Towards midline.

Question 43

What does lateral mean?

Answer 43

Away from midline.

Question 44

What does proximal mean in relation to limbs?

Answer 44

Closer to trunk.

Question 45

What does distal mean in relation to limbs?

Answer 45

Away from trunk.