Unit 9

Question 1

What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

Nerves throughout the body that relay messages back to the CNS

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

A collection of neurons

Answer 4

Nerve

Question 5

A single cell that transmits impulses

Answer 5

Neuron

Question 6

What are the 5 parts of a neuron?

Answer 6

Dendrite
Cell Body
Axon
Schwann Cell
Myelin Sheath

Question 7

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 7

Sensory Neuron
Motor Neuron
Interneuron

Question 8

Specialized type of supportive cells

Answer 8

Glia (neuroglia)

Question 9

“Electrical” activity is propagation of a charge differential down the length of the axon

Answer 9

Action Potential

Question 10

The process of going from a negative to a positive charge

Answer 10

Depolarization

Question 11

A point at which “electrical” information is converted to “chemical” information and passed to the next cell

Answer 11

Synapse

Question 12

A chemical that is released from a presynaptic axon and passes along the synapse. Binds to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter

Question 13

A chronic nervous disorder resulting from a deficiency of dopamine in certain parts of the brain

Answer 13

Parkinson Disease

Question 14

A neurotransmitter in the brain that determines mood.

Answer 14

Serotonin

Question 15

Relay center b/t spinal cord and upper brain regions; cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor control

Answer 15

Medulla Oblongata (Brainstem)

Question 16

Relay center from upper regions of the brain and the rest of the body

Answer 16

Pons (Brainstem)

Question 17

Relay center for auditory and visual info

Answer 17

Midbrain (Brainstem)

Question 18

Important for coordination; posture; learning new motor skills

Answer 18

Cerebellum

Question 19

Body temp. regulation; sleep/arousal cycle;
sexual arousal; appetite

Answer 19

Hypothalamus (Diencephalon)

Question 20

Sensory relay station

Answer 20

Thalamus

Question 21

Voluntary mvt; conscience actions; sensory perception; emotions; divided into lobes

Answer 21

Cerebrum

Question 22

Irreversible injury to the nervous system due to alcohol; mental deterioration, loss of memory, inability to concentrate, irritability, & uncoordinated movements

Answer 22

Alcohol-induced Neurotoxicity

Question 23

Degenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss & intellectual function; brain atrophy (frontal/temporal lobes)

Answer 23

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 24

Group of neuromuscular disorders that result from
injury to an infant before, during, or after birth. All forms cause impairment of skeletal muscle activity; mental retardation and
speech difficulties may be present

Answer 24

Cerebral Palsy

Question 25

Due to a sudden lack of blood (oxygen and nutrients) to a region of the brain; results in sensory/motor impairments (i.e., speech/paralysis)

Answer 25

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

Question 26

Myelinated axons

Answer 26

White Matter

Question 27

Dendrites, cell bodies, unmyelinated axons

Answer 27

Gray Matter

Question 28

Condition where the highly concentrated group of rods and cones in the fovea degenerate. One’s direct line of sight is compromised although peripheral vision remains intact.

Answer 28

Macular Degeneration

Question 30

Photoreceptor cells of the retina that detect black and white

Answer 30

Rods

Question 31

Photoreceptor cells of the retina that detect color

Answer 31

Cones

Question 32

Responds to slight variations in stretch

Answer 32

Muscle Spindle

Question 33

Responds to extreme tension (force)

Answer 33

Golgi Tendon Organ